cellular organelles quiz

Question 1

chaperone

Answer 1

when a new protein is assembled by a ribosome, it’s bounded by an older protein

Question 2

post translational modification

Answer 2

process of covalently adding a chemical group to an amino acid in a protein after the protein has been synthesized

Question 3

transport vesicles

Answer 3

help move materials from one part of the cell to another

Question 4

secretory vesicles

Answer 4

mediates the vesicular transport of hormones or neurotransmitters from an organelle to specific sites are the cell membrane

Question 5

regulatory protein (transcription activator)

Answer 5

a type of protein that binds to specific sequence in dna, controlling the activation of genes based on different conditions

Question 6

DNA helicase

Answer 6

opens one short segment of helix at a time, exposing its nitrogenous bases

Question 7

replication fork

Answer 7

very active area where DNA replication happens

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

segments joined together by another enzyme

Question 10

semiconservative replication

Answer 10

two strands of DNA unzip, & a new strand is assembled onto each conserved strand

Question 11

DNA damage response

Answer 11

mode of correcting replication errors

Question 12

mutations

Answer 12

changes in dna.. can come from replication errors or environmental factors

Question 13

G1 (1st gap phase)

Answer 13

cell synthesizes proteins, grows, and carries out its preordained tasks for the body

Question 14

S (synthesis phase)

Answer 14

cell makes a duplicate copy of its centrioles and nuclear dna

Question 15

G2 (2nd gap phase)

Answer 15

growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 16

mitotic phase

Answer 16

cell replicates its nucleus & then pinches in 2 to form new daughter cells

Question 17

interphase

Answer 17

phases G1, S and G2

Question 18

G-zero phase

Answer 18

phase where cell is not dividing or preparing to divide

Question 19

mitosis

Answer 19

process by which a single parent divides to make 2 new daughter cells

Question 20

prophase

Answer 20

the chromosomes condense & centrosomes move to opposite sides of the nucleus

Question 21

spindle fibers

Answer 21

form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell

Question 22

metaphase

Answer 22

chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate

Question 23

mitotic spindle

Answer 23

structure composed of microtubules which segregates chromosomes into the daughter cells

Question 24

telophase

Answer 24

cell is almost done dividing, starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis

Question 24

anaphase

Answer 24

chromosomes move from the center towards the opposite ends of a dividing cell

Question 25

cytokinesis

Answer 25

division of cytoplasm into 2 cells

Question 26

genetic mosaicism

Answer 26

occurs when a person has 2 or more genetically different sets of cells in their body

Question 27

growth factors

Answer 27

chemical signals secreted by blood platelets, kidney cells, etc

Question 28

contact inhibition

Answer 28

cell division in response to contact with other cells

Question 29

cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases

Answer 29

bind activate & provide substrate specificity for their catalytic partner serine-threonine

Question 30

checkpoints

Answer 30

mechanisms by which a cell actively arrests progression through the cell cycle until an earlier event in the cycle is complete

Question 31

karyotype

Answer 31

an individual’s complete set of chromosomes

Question 32

homologous chromosomes

Answer 32

2 members of each pair of chromosomes

Question 33

sex chromosomes

Answer 33

chromosomes X and Y ( sometimes called autosomes)

Question 34

diploid

Answer 34

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 35

haploid

Answer 35

23 unpaired chromosomes

Question 36

germ cells

Answer 36

sperm, eggs, & cell on their way to becoming sperm and eggs

Question 37

somatic cells

Answer 37

all the other cells in the body

Question 38

locus

Answer 38

a gene’s position

Question 39

alleles

Answer 39

1 of 2 or more versions of DNA sequence at a given genomic location