Chemisrty Paper 1

Question 1

What ion does a group 1 metal form and how?

Answer 1

Each group 1 metal forms a 1+ ion by losing 1 electron.

Question 2

What ion does a group 2 metal form and how?

Answer 2

Each group 2 metal forms a 2+ ion by losing 2 electrons.

Question 3

What ion does a group 6 non metal form and how?

Answer 3

Each group 6 non metal forms a 2- ion by gaining 2 electrons.

Question 4

What ion does a group 7 non metal form and how?

Answer 4

Each group 7 atom forms a 1- ion by gaining 1 electron.

Question 5

Why are ionic compounds hard to break down?

Answer 5

Ionic compounds have a high boiling and melting point because there are many bonds to be broken.

Question 6

Why can’t ions in a solid conduct electricity?

Answer 6

When in a solid the ions are fixed and therefore cannot conduct electricity. However when dissolved in water or in molten state the ions are free to move and can conduct electricity.

Question 7

How is a covalent bond formed?

Answer 7

A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between the atoms of two non metals.

Question 8

Why is graphite soft and slippery?

Answer 8

The covalent bonds in the layers of graphite are strong but between the layers are weak intermolecular forces. These are easy to break so the layers slide of each other easily making it soft and slippery.

Question 9

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

Answer 9

An alkali is a soluble metal hydroxide but a base is an insoluble metal oxide.

Question 10

What is the equation that involves an acid alkali and salt and water?

Answer 10

Acid + Alkali ——> Salt + Water

Question 11

What is the equation that involves an acid base and salt and water?

Answer 11

Acid + Base ——> Salt + Water

Question 12

What is the equation that involves an acid carbonate salt water and carbon dioxide.

Answer 12

Acid + Carbonate ——> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide.

Question 13

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 13

Where the reaction gives out heat energy to its surroundings.
Examples: Combustion, neutralisation and oxidisation.

Question 14

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 14

Where the reaction takes in heat energy from the surroundings. Examples: Thermal decomposition.

Question 15

How are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 15

Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 16

What is the structure of these ionic compounds?

Answer 16

The led forces around each ion extend in all directions so each ion attracts several oppositely charged ions forming a giant lattice.

Question 17

What happens if the metal at the cathode is more reactive than hydrogen?

Answer 17

Hydrogen gas is formed.

Question 18

Why is diamond hard?

Answer 18

In diamond each atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. These bonds are strong and difficult to break making diamond hard. Which Adlai gives it a high boiling and melting point.

Question 19

What happens when metals react?

Answer 19

The loose electrons to form positively charged ions. The more reactive the metal the easier to loose the electrons.

Question 20

How is the metal extracted if it is less reactive than carbon?

Answer 20

It can be extracted by heating the metal oxide with carbon.