Chemical Thermodynamics

Question 1

It is a process that proceeds on
its own, without any outside
intervention.

Answer 1

spontaneous

Question 2

The part of the universe being studied
or to which attention is focused.

Answer 2

system

Question 3

Everything else in the
thermodynamic universe aside
from the system.

Answer 3

surroundings

Question 4

Quantitative measure of the disorder
or randomness of a system.

Answer 4

entropy

Question 5

is the study of the relationship between heat
and work involving chemical reactions or physical
changes in state, within the framework of the
laws of thermodynamics.

Answer 5

Chemical
Thermodynamics

Question 6

A _______________ process is a
physical or chemical change
that occurs on its own without
any outside force.

Answer 6

spontaneous

Question 7

A _________________ process will
not take place unless it is “driven”
by the continual input of energy
from an external source.

Answer 7

nonspontaneous

Question 8

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous

● Hot coffee turning cold

Answer 8

Spontaneous

Question 9

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous

● Rusting of iron

Answer 9

Spontaneous

Question 10

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous

● Water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen
gases with application of electricity.

Answer 10

Nonspontaneous

Question 11

Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous

● A spoon dipped in boiling water gets hot

Answer 11

Spontaneous

Question 12

The quantitative measure of the disorder, or randomness, in the
substances involved in a reaction.

Answer 12

Entropy

Question 13

Helps to predict the spontaneity of the process.

Answer 13

Entropy

Question 14

Positive ΔS = ______________ in randomness

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

Negative ΔS = ______________ in randomness

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

Perfectly ordered pure crystalline solid
at zero Kelvin will have _______ entropy

Answer 16

zero

Question 17

FACTORS AFFECTING ENTROPY: TEMPERATURE

Change in temperature = _________ in entropy
Inc temperature = _________ entropy

Answer 17

change, increased

Question 18

Predict the sign of the change in entropy of the ff:
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

Freezing of water

Answer 18

NEGATIVE

Question 19

Predict the sign of the change in entropy of the ff:
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

Heating liquid water to its boiling point

Answer 19

POSITIVE

Question 20

Predict the sign of the change in entropy of the ff:
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

Sublimation of naphthalene

Answer 20

POSITIVE
(Sublimation = Solid to Gas)
(Deposition = Gas to Solid)

Solid = Less randomness
Gas = More randomness

Question 21

Reactions that produce
higher number of product
particles than reactant
particles are usually
_________________

Answer 21

spontaneous

Question 22

More particles = more ____________

Answer 22

disordered

Question 23

Is the entropy of one
mole of a substance at
the standard conditions
(1 atm and 25°C).

Answer 23

Standard molar entropy (S°)

Question 24

What Law?

“For any spontaneous process, there is a net increase in
the total entropy of the system and its surroundings.”

Answer 24

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Question 25

the equation for a reaction occurring
at constant temperature expressed as:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Answer 25

Gibss-Helmholtz

Question 26

Under standard conditions of 1 atm and 25
°C, the standard free energy change (ΔG°) can
be obtained through:
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

Answer 26

Gibbs Free Energy (G)

Question 27

The standard free energy change of a reaction
can also be calculated from the standard free
energy of formation (ΔG°f) of the __________
and _____________:

Answer 27

reactants, products

Question 28

ΔG is negative, the reaction is _________________

Answer 28

spontaneous

Question 29

ΔG is positive, the reaction is ___________________

Answer 29

nonspontaneous

Question 30

ΔG is zero, the reaction is _____________.

Answer 30

at equilibrium