Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards
The reaction can be started from the reactant side only
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
Only the forward reaction takes place
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
Represented by a normal arrow
→
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
The reaction proceeds to completion
IRREVERSIBLE REACTION
The reaction can be started from either side
REVERSIBLE REACTION
Forward and backward reactions are in equilibrium
REVERSIBLE REACTION
Represented by an equilibrium arrow
⇌
REVERSIBLE REACTION
The reaction is never complete
REVERSIBLE REACTION
Properties such as concentrations of reactants and products, pressure and color are ___________.
constant
A system in equilibrium is a ____________ system
Closed
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the ___________ reaction
reverse
Equilibrium can be approached from the _______________ or ______________ direction and the final equilibrium position is the same
forward or reverse
Involves reactants and
products that are
present in one phase
Homogeneous
Involves reactants and
products that are
present in different
phase
Heterogeneous
True or False
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is defined as the ratio of the concentrations (partial pressures) of the products divided by the concentration (partial pressures) of the reactants, at equilibrium, raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.
True
Kc
The symbol c in Kc indicates that the units for the reactants and products are those of ______________.
molar concentration
Kp
For reactions involving gases, the equilibrium constant is often expressed in terms of __________________________ rather than their concentrations.
partial pressures
In writing equilibrium, constant expression for heterogeneous reactions involving gases and a solid or a liquid, the concentration of pure liquids and pure solids are ____________________ because they have constant concentrations.
not included
can be used to measure the extent of a
chemical reaction. This quantity
is also used to determine how
far from equilibrium the chemical
reaction is.
REACTION QUOTIENT
Q < K
What direction?
Favors the forward direction
Q = K
What direction?
Equilibrium
Q > K
What direction?
Favors the reverse direction
What Law?
If a chemical system at
equilibrium is disturbed or
stressed, the system will react in
the direction that counteracts the
disturbance or relieves the
stress.
LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
Addition of reactant drives
the equilibrium to the ______
right
Addition of product drives
the equilibrium to the ______
left
Adding more reactants
Favors the __________ reaction
forward
Adding more products
Favors the ________ reaction
reverse
Removing a reactants Favors the ___________ reaction
reverse
Removing a product Favors the ____________ reaction
forward
The reaction can be shifted
forward or backward by
changing the ______________.
pressure
Decrease the number of moles to
decrease ______________
pressure
Increase in pressure Equilibrium favors the side that has ____________ moles
fewer
Decrease in pressure Equilibrium favors the side that has __________ moles
more
increases the rate of
chemical reactions. It increases
the rate of the forward reaction
as well as the backward reaction
to the same extent.
CATALYST
