Chemical Solutions Flashcards
Molarity equation
Mol / L (volume)
Molality equation
Mol / Kg (solvent)
What is ALWAYS soluble?
NAG SAG
Nitrates (NO3-)
Ammonium (NH4+)
Group 1
Sulfates (SO4 2-)
Acetates (C2H3O2-)
Group 17 (Halogens ClO4-)
What is NOT soluble?
PMS and CaStro Bear
Pb2+, PO43-
Mercury (Hg2+)
Silver (Ag+)
Ca2+, Sr2+, OH-, Ba2+
CO32-, S2-
Solids are typically more ______ at _____ temperatures
soluble
high
Gases are more _____ at _____ temperatures
soluble
low
Gases are more _____ at _____ pressures
soluble
high
Freezing pt. for water is what
0 Celcius
Freezing pt. of water
1.86
Boiling pt of water
0.52
Van Hoff Trend with respect to osmotic pressure?
The higher the van hoff’t number, the higher the osmotic pressure will be
Evaporation of solvent will ______ the concentration of a solution.
increase
Raoults Law
(MolFract.a)(VPa) + (MolFract.b)(VPb)
What bonds are polar?
OH
Carbonyl
C-Halogen
Ammonium
NH4+
Acetate
CH3COO-
Cyanide
CN-
Nitrate
NO3-
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Sulfate
SO4 2-
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Hydroxide
-OH
Permanganate
MnO4-
The _____ point of a solution will always be higher than the boiling point of _____ solvents.
boiling, pure
Van Hoff’t Equation
change in BP= (i)(BP constant)(molality)
Gases are more soluble at what temps?
LOW temps
Gases are more soluble at what pressures?
HIGH pressures
Mol Fraction
Mol of X/Mols of X+everything else
Freezing pt. depression equation
ΔTf= - (Kf x m x i)
The _____ point of a solution will always be lower than the pure solvent (water).
freezing
increased BP means increased
Molecular weight
