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chemistry > Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chemical reactions

A

The process by which reactants are chemically converted into products.

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2
Q

What is involved in a chemical reaction?

A

Breaking of bonds and the formation of new bonds.

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3
Q

What is synthesis?

A

Producing a larger molecule out of multiple smaller molecules.

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4
Q

What is decomposition?

A

Breaking of a large molecule into multiple smaller molecules.

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5
Q

What is single replacement?

A

When an element is substituted into a molecule for another.

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6
Q

What is double replacement?

A

When the reactants break up and swap places twice.

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7
Q

What is precipitation?

A

A double replacement reaction that results in the production of an insoluble solid.

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8
Q

What is combustion?

A

The reaction of a substance with oxygen in the presence of heat to form oxides.

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9
Q

What is oxidation-reduction?

A

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one reactant to the other to form products.

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10
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

A reaction of a substance with water.

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11
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt.

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12
Q

What is condensation?

A

A reaction that involves the production of a new substance and water.

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13
Q

What is a word equation?

A

A chemical equation where the reactants and products are written as words.

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14
Q

What is a symbol equation?

A

A chemical equation where the reactants and products are written as their ionic or molecular formulae.

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15
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

A chemical equation where the cations and anions that are in the same state in the reactants as they are in the products are omitted.

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16
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

During a chemical reaction, atoms cannot be created or destroyed.

17
Q

What is balancing chemical equations?

A

The process of ensuring the number of atoms of each element are the same on each side of a chemical reaction.

18
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

The total energy of a chemical system.

19
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy in a chemical reaction cannot be created or destroyed but changed into different forms.

20
Q

What is chemical potential energy?

A

The energy stored within the bonds of a substance.

21
Q

What is chemical kinetic energy?

A

The energy that is due to particle motion.

22
Q

How can the change in enthalpy of a chemical reaction be determined.

A

▲H = H of products - H of reactants

23
Q

What is an endothermic process?

A

When energy is absorbed breaking bonds.

24
Q

What is an exothermic process?

A

When energy is released forming bonds.

25
Q

If the total energy required to break bonds in the reactants is more than the total energy released when new bonds are formed in the products, it is…

A

an endothermic reaction.

26
Q

The change in enthalpy of an endothermic reaction is…

A

positive.

27
Q

If the total energy required to break bonds in the reactants is less than the total energy released when new bonds are formed in the products, it is…

A

an exothermic reaction.

28
Q

The change in enthalpy of an exothermic reaction is…

A

negative.

29
Q

What is a thermochemical equation?

A

A chemical equation that shows the energy absorbed or released.

30
Q

Is it an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(l) ΔH = -522kJ

A

Exothermic reaction.

31
Q

Is it an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(l) + 522kJ

A

Exothermic reaction.

32
Q

Is it an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

CO2(g) -> C(s) + O2(g) ΔH = +394kJ

A

Endothermic reaction.

33
Q

Is it an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

CO2(g) + 394kJ -> C(s) + O2(g)

A

Endothermic reaction.

34
Q

What is formula mass?

A

The total sum of the atomic masses.

35
Q

How can formula mass be calculated?

A

Adding up the atomic masses of the elements involved.

36
Q

What is the unit for formula mass?

A

gmol^-1

37
Q

How do you calculate the % elemental composition?

A

=Atomic mass of element * number of atoms in substance/formula mass of compound

chemistry (6 decks)

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