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Chemistry > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are energy/electron levels?

A

Fixed distances from the nucleus where an electron is found.

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2
Q

When the amount of energy that the atom experiences changes…

A

the electron structure changes.

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3
Q

What happens when an atom absorbs energy.

A

Electrons move from a lower energy level to a higher one. Once they had reached the higher level, they drop back down to a lower level.

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4
Q

What happens when the electron drops to a lower energy level?

A

The electron emits light.

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5
Q

Does every element emit the same colours?

A

No. Atoms of different elements absorb and emit certain wavelengths.

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6
Q

What is an absorption spectrum?

A

A spectrum that shows what happens when an atom absorbs certain frequencies of light. The dark stripes represent the light being absorbed.

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7
Q

What is an emission spectrum?

A

A spectrum that shows the frequencies that are emitted.

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8
Q

What is atomic absorption spectroscopy?

A

A technique that is used to determine the concentration of different elements in a solution.

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9
Q

How does AAS work?

A

This technique involves focusing light of a specific wavelength on atoms in a solution. Then it measures the amount of light that is absorbed.

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10
Q

What is absorbance?

A

The measurement of light that is absorbed by a substance.

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11
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons. They have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.

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12
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of its atoms, compared to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom.

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13
Q

What is the relative atomic mass calculated from?

A

The mass numbers of the element’s isotopes and the abundance of these isotopes.

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14
Q

What is the formula for relative atomic mass?

A

Total mass of atoms/Total number of atoms

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15
Q

What is mass spectrometry?

A

An analytical technique where ions are sorted on their mass to charge ratio.

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16
Q

Mass to charge ratio is equal to…

A

atomic mass of cation / charge of cation.

17
Q

What is quantitative analysis?

A

Analysis to determine concentration of solutions.

18
Q

What is qualitative analysis?

A

Analysis to identify elements in a solution.

19
Q

What are the four steps to working a mass spectrometer?

A
  1. Vaporisation
  2. Ionisation
  3. Acceleration and Deflection
  4. Detection
20
Q

How does vaporisation work?

A

The sample is sucked up into a glass chamber. As it passes a tiny tube called a nebulizer it forms a spray. Mist goes into a tube called a torch where it goes to a plasma.

21
Q

How does ionisation work?

A

As the mist enters the plasma, the liquid evaporates and ions are left. The ions are focused using cones forming an ion beam.

22
Q

How does acceleration and deflection work?

A

The ion beam is then accelerated through magnetic rods called quadrupole. The rods deflect one type of ion towards the detector. The other ions are wasted.

23
Q

How does detection work?

A

The detector is called an electron multiplier. It counts each ion as it comes out of the rods and displays it on a mass spectrum.

24
Q

What is the trend in metallic character on the periodic table?

A

From right to left shows a gradual change from non-metallic to metallic.

25
Q

What is the trend in atomic radius on the periodic table?

A

The atomic radius decreases across a period left to right and increases down a group.

26
Q

What is the trend in valency on the periodic table?

A

Valency first increases then decreases left to right in a period. It remains the same in a group.

27
Q

What is the trend in electronegativity on the periodic table?

A

Increases left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

28
Q

What is the trend in first ionisation energy on the periodic table?

A

ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group

29
Q

What is ionisation energy

A

Ionisation energy (IE) is the energy required to remove the highest-energy electron from a neutral atom

30
Q

What is ionic radius

A

Ionic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outer edge of the electron cloud of an ion.

31
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Electronegativity is the measure of the ability of an atom in a bond to attract
electrons to itself.

Chemistry (6 decks)

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