Chemical reactions and quantities Flashcards

1
Q

chemical reactions

A

involves the change of the bonding between atoms in the reactants in forming the products

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2
Q

chemical change

A

occurs when a substrate is converted into one or more substances with different formulas and different properties

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3
Q

signs that a chemical reaction is taking place

A

formation of bubbles
change in color
production of a solid
heat is produced/absorbed

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4
Q

heterogenous situation

A

different states

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5
Q

combination reaction

A

2 or more elements form one product

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6
Q

decomposition reaction

A

one substance splits into 2 or more simpler products

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7
Q

single replacement reaction

A

one element takes the place of a different element in another reacting compound

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8
Q

double replacement reaction

A

the positive ions in the reactant compounds switch places

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9
Q

combustion reaction

A

a carbon-containing compound burns in oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water. energy is released as a product in the form of heat

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10
Q

toxicity of CO

A
  • carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas
  • attaches to hemoglobin molecules when inhaled
  • reduces the amount of oxygen that can reach the cells
  • causes a person to experience a reduction in exercise capability, visual perception and manual dexterity
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11
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein in the blood that transports oxygen to cells

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12
Q

what happens when hemoglobin bound to CO reaches 10%?

A

a person may experience shortness of breath, mild headache, and drowsiness

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13
Q

what happens when hemoglobin bound to CO reaches 30%?

A

a person may experience more severe symptoms, including dizziness, mental confusion, severe headaches, and nausea

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14
Q

what happens when hemoglobin bound to CO reaches 50%?

A

a person could become unconscious and die if not treated immediately with oxygen

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15
Q

redox of FAD

A

FAD can be reduced to FADH2 by the transfer of 2 hydrogen atoms: necessary for the production of energy

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16
Q

oxidation

A

addition of oxygen
loss of hydrogen and electrons

17
Q

reduction

A

loss of oxygen
gain of hydrogen and electrons

18
Q

oxidation of ethanol

A

ethanol gets oxidised by an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase to a compound called acetic aldehyde which is more toxic than ethanol itself. to reduce the toxicity in our liver, the acetic aldehyde is further oxidized to acetic acid

19
Q

approach to take when balancing redox equations

A
  1. identify the elements that undergo oxidation and reduction
  2. write the two semi-reactions. use OH- and H+ and H2O
  3. multiple the coefficients that make both semi-reactions use the same number of electrons
  4. add the two together
20
Q

molar mass

A

the mass of 1 mole of an element expressed in grams

21
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

it indicates:
1. matter cannot be created or destroyed
2. no change in total mass occurs
3. the mass of products= mass of reactants

22
Q

limiting reactant

A

the substance that is used up first, limits the amount of product that can form

23
Q

excess reactant

A

the reactant that does not completely react and is left over at the end of the reaction

24
Q

theoretical yield

A

the maximum amount of product

25
Q

actual yield

A

amount of product obtained

26
Q

percent yield

A

ratio fo actual yield to theoretical yield

actual yield/ theoretical yield x 100%