Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Neutralization Reaction
Acid + Base ➡ Salt + Water
What is an Alkali?
A soluble base
What causes Acidity?
Hydronium Ion (H₃O⁺) (a.k.a H⁺)
What does Aqueous mean?
Dissolved in water
Simple Redox
A reaction where both oxidation and reduction take place
What is Oxidation?
The loss of electrons
What is Reduction?
The gain of electrons
Ethanoic Acid
CH₃COOH
Nitric Acid
HNO₃
Hydrochloric Acid
HCl
Sulfuric Acid
H₂SO₄
Metal + Acid ➡
Metal Salt + Hydrogen
Metal Oxide + Acid ➡
Metal Salt + Water
Metal Carbonate + Acid ➡
Metal Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Chloride
Cl-
Nitrate
NO₃-
Sulphate
SO₄²-
Ethanoate
CH₃COO-
What are diatomic elements?
Elements which only exist as covalently bonded pairs
What are the diatomic elements?
Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F
Decomposition Reaction
One reactant breaks down into two (or more) products (AB → A + B)
Single Displacement (Replacement)
One element (reactant) is substituted for another in a compound (reactants are always a pure element + an aqueous compound) (A + BC → B + AC)
Double Displacement (Replacement)
Two ionic compounds are exchanged, forming two new compounds (often forms a precipitate) (AB + CD → AD + CB)
Combination (Synthesis) Reaction
Two (or more) reactants combine to form a single product (A + B → AB)
What defines a Chemical Reaction?
Bond Breaking
Bond Re-arrangement
Bond Formation
What is a Catalyst?
A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway, with a lower activation energy.
Collision Theory
For a reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with each other, collide with sufficient energy, and collide with the correct orientation.
Activation Energy
The minimum energy that a collision must possess for a reaction to occur.
Transition State
Occurs at the stage of maximum potential energy in a reaction where bond-breaking and bond-forming happens and when atoms are unstable.
Haber Process
Hydrogen and Nitrogen gas is converted into Ammonia.
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
