Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Are enzymes consumed by the reaction that they catalyze?
NO
Do enzymes alter the equilibrium of the reaction?
no
Pro-enzyme aka?
zymogen
An inactive enzyme precursor which requires a biochemical change for it to become an active enzyme.
Pro-enzyme (zymogen)
The protein component of an enzyme to which the coenzyme is attached.
apoenzyme
Enzymatic reactions are affected by what three things?
Substrate concentration
PH
temperature
The process where there is a loss of hydrogen electrons or a gain of oxygen. OIL GOO
oxidation
An enzyme that causes oxygen in a compound to be changed to water.
oxidase
An enzyme which oxidases a compound by removing a hydrogen.
dehydrogenase
The process in which there is a gain of hydrogen electrons or a loss of oxygen. RIG LOO
reduction
An enzyme which adds hydrogen to a compound.
reductase
The chemical process by which a carboxyl group is added or displaces a hydrogen atom.
carboxylation
The enzyme which catalyzes the addition of a carboxyl group.
carboxylase
The process in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) is removed from an organic compound as CO2, and is commonly replaced by a hydrogen atom.
decarboxylation
The enzyme that catalyzes the release of CO2 from compounds.
decarboxylase
Refers to the cleavage of a compound by the addition of water, they hydroxyl group being incorporated in one fragment and the Hydrogen atom in the other.
Hydrolysis
The enzyme that facilitates hydrolysis as in sucrase in the breakdown of sucrose.
hydrolase
The process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.
phosphorylation
Enzyme which adds an inorganic phosphate to a substrate without using ATP.
phosphorylase
The enzyme that removes a phosphate group from it’s substrate by hydrolyzing phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a fee hydroxyl group.
phosphatase
An enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from a high-energy donor molecules such as ATP.
kinase
An enzyme which changes the configuration and NOT the composition of a compound.
isomerase
A type of isomerase which moves one group to another part in the same chemical compound.
mutase
An enzyme that catalyzes the TRANSFER of a functional group from one molecule to another.
transferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the JOINING of two molecules.
ligase
Refers to the maximum velocity of a reaction and is proportional to enzyme concentration.
Vmax
The substrate concentration required to reach 1/2 Vmax.
Kmax
Kmax aka?
Michaelis-Menten constant
Substance which slows down the rate of reaction of any enzyme.
inhibitor
What are the three ways of enzymatic regulation?
Non- competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition
allosteric regulation
Is competitive inhibition reversible or irreversible?
reversible
Is non-competitive inhibition reversible or irreversible?
irreversible
What happens to the Vmax in competitive inhibition?
Does not change
What happens to the Vmax in non-competitive inhibition?
Reduces Vmax
Will increasing the substrate affect the activity of the non-competitive inhibitor?
No, will not affect.
The enzyme always binds to a site other than the enzyme’s active site. Competitive or non-competitive?
Non- competitive inhibition
An enzyme’s activity is regulated by binding an effect or molecule at the enzyme’s allosteric site (a site other than it’s active site).
Allosteric regulation
Effectors that enhance the protein’s activity are referred to as?
Allosteric activators
Effectors that decrease the protein’s activity are called?
Allosteric inhibitors
