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Biology > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Neutron

A

The part of an atom that is in the nucleus but does not have a charge

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1
Q

Proton

A

The positively charged part of an atom that is in the nucleus

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2
Q

Electron

A

The negatively charged part of an atom that sits on the orbitals

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3
Q

Valence electrons

A

The electrons on the outermost orbital

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4
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond between two atoms who are sharing electrons

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5
Q

Ionic bond

A

A bond between two atoms with opposite charges

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6
Q

Atom

A

The smallest structure of a chemical element

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7
Q

Element

A

Substances that cannot be converted or broken down (everything on the periodic table)

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8
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of two or

More elements

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9
Q

Molecule

A

Something that is composed of two or more atoms

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10
Q

Oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

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11
Q

Reduction

A

The gain of electrons

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12
Q

Ended going reaction

A

The reaction in which the reactants are taking in heat

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13
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

The reaction in which the reactants are releasing energy

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14
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

The process or reaction in which the system absorbs heat

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15
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

The chemical reaction or process in which a system releases heat

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16
Q

Activation energy

A

Initial energy needed to break bonds apart

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17
Q

Enthalpy

A
  • (H)

- The total energy in a system

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18
Q

Entropy

A
  • (S)

- the amount of disorder in a system

19
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A
  • The release of energy and the energy that is release is now available to the cell to do something with
  • The energy associated with chance in Enthalpy minus the change in entropy
  • G = H - TS
20
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Process in which a substance goes from reactants to products

21
Q

Redox reactions

A

The loss or gain of electrons

22
Q

Reactant

A

The initial substance

23
Q

Reducing agent

A

The atom that looses electrons but is oxidized

24
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

The atom that receives electrons but is reduced

25
Q

Metals on the left hand side

A

Reducing agents

26
Q

Nonmetals on the right hand side

A

Oxidizing agents

27
Q

Physical evidence of a reaction

A

Color change
Formation of a solid (precipitate) within a clear solution
Evidence of a gas
Absorption of heat

28
Q

Reactants

A

The substance at the start of the reaction

29
Q

Intermediates

A

Substantial formed from the initial material before the final product

30
Q

Products

A

The substance at the end of a reaction

31
Q

Potential energy

A

The energy that a substance has to create a reaction

32
Q

Thermodynamics

A

The study of heat change

33
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

34
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Things like entropy (disorder)

35
Q

Cellular respiration

A

How we get energy from what we eat (glucose); from glucose to energy. The energy is used for heat and ATP
- Exergonic reaction

36
Q

Enzyme

A
  • typically a protein

- decreases the activation energy

37
Q

Substrate specific

A

The name of an enzyme that can only sit a specific shaped reactant

38
Q

Active site

A

The part of the enzyme that fits the reactant

39
Q

Induced-fit model

A

The process of an enzyme taking a reactant and creating a product

40
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process of a plant making it’s own food; and endergonic reaction

41
Q

Metabolism

A

The process of tearing down and building up a new product after rearrangement (think little Lego duck to big Lego cow)

42
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

Series of chemical reactions that build a complex molecule or real down complex molecule

43
Q

Metabolic pathway that builds up:

A

Photosynthesis

44
Q

Metabolic pathway that breaks down

A

Cellular respiration

45
Q

Example of endothermic reaction

A

Baking soda and vinegar

46
Q

Example of exothermic reaction:

A

Yeast and hydrogen peroxide

Biology (5 decks)

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