Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Define Decomposition reactions
Occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or in a few to simpler compounds
Reactant -> product + Product
Define Synthesis reactions
Occur when two substances combine and form a compound
Reactant + Reactant -> product
Define single replacement reactions:
Occurs when one element replaces another in a compound
element + compound -> product + product
Define double replacement reactions
Occurs when a metal replaces a metal in a compound
coumpound + compound -> product + product
Define combustion reactions
Combustions reactions occur when hydrogen reacts with oxygen gas
need three things in order to react:
1. A Fuel (hydrocarbon)
2. Oxygen
3. Something to ignite the reaction (a spark)
Define Hydration
The process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner; occurs when salts dissolve in water
Components of a Solution: Describe a solvent
Dissolves a solute
retains its phase
is present in greater amount
Components of a Solutions: Describe a Solute
dissolves in water (or another solvent)
changes phase
is present in lesser amount
Whats a strong Electrolyte?
conducts current efficiently
dissociate 100% in solute
all water soluble tonic compounds, some molecular compunds
Whats a weak electrolyte?
conducts a small amount of current
Does not completely dissociate
ionic compound and some molecular compounds
Reaction is reversible
what solutions do not have current flows?
Pure Water & sugar solutions
Differentiate between a strong acid and a weak acid
Strong acids: dissociate completely to produce H+ in solutions
Weak acids: dissociate to a sliht extent to give H+ in solution
Differentiate between strong bases and weak bases
Strong Bases: react completely with water to give OH- ions
Weak bases: react only slightly with water to give OH- ions
Name the three types of solution reactions
Precipitation reactions
Acid-base reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Define a Precipitation Reaction
Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product (precipitate).
Are Nitrates soluble?
Yes
Are alkali salts soluble?
Yes
Is NH3 soluble
Yes
Is Cl- soluble?
Yes
Is Br- soluble
Yes
Is I- soluble
Yes
Are sulfate salts soluble?
Yes
What are the OH- salts soluble?
NaOH, KOH
Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
Is carbonate soluble
Yes
Is phosphate soluble?
Yes
Is sulfur soluble
Yes
Are Chromates soluble
Yes
Name the seven strong acids
Hydrochloric, Hydrobromic, Hydroidic, Nitric, Sulfuric, Chloric, Perchloric
The strong bases are the soluble metal salts of hydroxide ion:
Alkali Metals, calcium, strontium, barium
What happens when oxidation occurs
An atom or ion loses electrons
What happens when a reduction occurs
The atom or ion gains electrons
What is reduced is the
oxidizing agent
What is oxidized is the
Reducing agent
add what to Oxidtaion-reduction reactions in an acids
H+
Add what to the oxidation-reduction reaction in a basic solution
H+ first then add OH- to neutralize the H+ ions
