Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Properties of Ionic Binds
High melting/ boiling points
crystalline solid at room temperature
hard brittle solids
Can conduct electricity when molten or in an aqueous solution
Define Ionic Bonding
The electrostatic attraction between positive (cation) and negatively (anion) charged ions creating a neutral compound
Properties of Covalent Bonds
Low Melting point
Liquid or gas at room temperature
Flows easily
does not conduct electricity
Define Polar Covalent
unequal sharing electrons between elements
Define Non-polar covalent
electrons are shared equally between elements
Ionic vs Covalent
Chemical bonds between unlike atoms are never completely ionic and rarely completely covalent.
Define lattice energy
energy required to completely separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions
how do you find the enthalpy of bonds in a solid
(delta) H f = n (delta H sublimation) + sum of IE + ( n (delta H dissociation)) +nEA +LE
Define Bond Enthalpy
The strength of a bond is measured by determining how muh energy is required to break the bond
Exceptions ot the octet rule
The second period elements B and Be often habe fewer than eight electrons around them in their compounds
Third period and heavier element often satisfy but can exceed the octet rule
Define Formal Charge
The difference between the number of valence electrons assigned t the atom in a molecule
What’s a resonance structure?
bmultiple Lewis structures that depict a single molecule
Define Hybridization
mixing of two or more atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals
What’s a sigma bond?
a single strong bond
What’s a pi bond
any bond that has two or more bonds
