chemical reactions Flashcards
What is an acid?
An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution, and typically has a pH less than 7.
What is a base?
A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H⁺) or releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a solution, and typically has a pH greater than 7.
What are some common properties of acids?
Acids taste sour, can corrode metals, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with bases to form salts and water.
What are some common properties of bases?
bases taste bitter, feel slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, and react with acids in neutralization reactions to form salts and water.
What is a neutralization reaction?
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. The pH of the resulting solution is usually close to 7.
word equation for neutralization?
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
What happens when acids react with metals?
Acids react with metals to produce a salt and hydrogen gas. For example:
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
What is an example of an acid-metal reaction?
Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas:
2HCl + Zn → ZnCl₂ + H₂
Why are acid-metal reactions important in non-living systems?
These reactions are important for processes like metal corrosion, industrial production of hydrogen gas, and cleaning metals.
What is the role of energy in chemical reactions involving acids?
Many acid-base reactions, like neutralization, release heat energy, making them exothermic.
