Atomic Theory and Radioactivity Flashcards
What is all matter made of?
atoms, which are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Describe the structure of an atom.
An atom consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus in electron shells.
What are protons?
Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus.
How has the atomic theory developed over time?
The atomic theory has evolved through experiments and models proposed by scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr. It has been refined through peer review and evidence from new discoveries.
What is natural radioactivity
spontaneous decay of unstable atomic nuclei, which releases particles and energy.
What is half-life?
the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance’s nuclei to decay. used in dating materials like fossils
What are the benefits associated with nuclear energy?
provides a large amount of energy with low greenhouse gas emissions, and is used in medical treatments like cancer therapy.
What are the problems associated with nuclear energy?
Risks include radioactive waste, nuclear accidents, and potential for weaponization of nuclear technology.
alpha decay
emission of an alpha particle which is a helium nucleus (2 protons 2 neutrons)
+ 2/4 α
beta decay
transformation of a neutron into a proton with the emission of a beta particle (1 electron) +β-
gamma decay
emmission of gamma rays, high energy electromagnetic radiation +γ
What is an isotope?
atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, same atomic number but different mass numbers
What are neutrons?
Neutrons: Neutral particles also located in the nucleus.
What are electrons?
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in electron shells.
