Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Atom
the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
Nucleus
the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth
Proton
a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron
Neutron
a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen
Electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids
Element
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids
Compound
a chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds
Subatomic
smaller than or occurring within an atom
Anion
negatively charged ion
Chemical reaction
a chemical change that occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance. During this process two or more substances or molecules known as the products interact to form new products
Reactant
a substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction (left of the arrow)
Product
a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction (right of the arrow)
Decomposition reaction
the breakdown of a single reactant (compound) into two or more products, which may be both elements or a combination of elements and/or compounds
Neutralisation reaction
getting acids and bases as close to 7, bases neutralise acids and acids neutralise bases.
Precipitation reaction
when two chemicals are combined producing a new insoluble solid called a precipitate.
Acid-carbonate reaction
Carbonates are ionic compounds that contain the carbonate anion, CO3. Acids readily react with carbonate to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide.
Metal reactivity
Reactions with acids with metals produce hydrogen gas, the salt of the metal and water.
Combustion
Combustion is another name for burning. Combustion is when a substance (fuel) reacts rapidly with oxygen to release energy.
Corrosion
Corrosion is the oxidation of metals - a process when there is oxygen in water causing rust
Law conservation of mass
states that during a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.
mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction, but is always conserved
open system
mass and heat can transfer
closed system
mass can’t transfer, heat can transfer
Half life
the time required for a quantity to reduce to half of its initial value or the time required for half of something to undergo a process
Example of half life
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay
