chemical reactions Flashcards
ammonia molecular formula + what state it is in at room temp
- NH3
- gas
methane molecular formula
CH4
ammonium ionic formula
NH4+
carbonate ionic formula
CO3(2-)
nitrate ionic formula
NO3(-)
sulfate ionic formula
SO4(2-)
ethanoic acid formula
CH3COOH
buckminsterfullerene
C60
equilibrium
- equilibrium is the point in a reversible reaction where rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction
- reaction can only reach equilibrium if the reaction mixture is in a closed system
- dynamic equilibrium means reactants are still forming products and vice versa but the rate of these are equal
position of equilibrium
- if equilibrium lies to the right, conc. of P > conc. of R
- if equilibrium lies to the left, conc. of R > conc. of P
pressure (equilibrium)
- increasing pressure favours the side with fewer gaseous moles
- decreasing pressure favours the side with more gaseous moles
concentration (equilibrium)
- adding a reactant/removing a product shifts equilibrium to the RIGHT
- adding a product/removing a reactant shifts equilibrium to the LEFT
temperature (equilibrium)
- increasing temperature favours the endothermic reaction
- decreasing temperature favours the exothermic reaction
catalysts (equilibrium)
- do not change the position of equilibrium
- only allows equilibrium to be achieved more quickly
phosphate ionic formula
PO4(3-)
precipitates • Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ • Cu2+ • Fe2+ • Fe3+
form a white precipitate
forms a blue precipitate
forms a green precipitate
forms a brown precipitate
saturated solution
- conc of solute is at a maximum
- conc of solvent is at a minimum
reaction between a haloalkane and metal hydroxide
1) if the metal hydroxide is concentrated, an alkene forms
2) if the metal hydroxide is dilute, an alcohol forms
