acids and bases

Question 1

acids

Answer 1

-a substance which has the ability to donate H+ ions -when dissolved in water, acids will form H+(aq) ions

Question 2

salt

Answer 2

a compound formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions (or other cations)

Question 3

metals and acids reaction

Answer 3

metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

• reactions between metals and acids will only occur if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen
• If a metal is very reactive, the reaction may be too violent to be carried out safely

Question 4

metal carbonates and acids reaction

Answer 4

metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide

-neutralisation reaction

Question 5

metal hydroxides and acids

Answer 5

metal hydroxide + acid → salt + water

-neutralisation reaction

Question 6

metal oxides and acids

Answer 6

metal oxide + acid → salt + water

-neutralisation reaction

Question 7

strong acid

Answer 7

• an acid that undergoes full dissociation in water, forming its constituent ions
• examples: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid

Question 8

weak acid

Answer 8

• an acid that only slightly dissociates into its constituent ions in solution
• example: carboxylic acids

Question 9

non metal oxide reactions

Answer 9

• some non-metal oxides react with water to produce acidic solutions
• oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are involved in the production of ‘acid rain’
• carbon dioxide produces carbonic acid

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

• pH is a measure of H+ ion conc in aqueous solution
• the higher the conc of H+ ions, the lower the pH value of the solution and the more acidic the solution
• as the conc of H+(aq) ions decreases by a factor of 10, the pH value increases by one unit

Question 11

monoprotic acids

Answer 11

• only able to donate one acidic H+ ion per acid molecule

- e.g. HCl, HNO3

Question 12

diprotic acids

Answer 12

• can donate two acidic H+(aq) ions per acid molecule

- e.g. H2SO4

Question 13

triprotic acids

Answer 13

• can donate three acidic H+(aq) ions per acid molecule

- e.g. H3PO4

Question 14

base

Answer 14

• a substance that can accept H+ ions, or has the ability to form OH−(aq) in solution
• alkalis are soluble bases

Question 15

strong base

Answer 15

• a base (alkali) which undergoes full dissociation in water, forming its constituent ions
• e.g. NaOH, KOH

Question 16

weak base

Answer 16

• a base that only partially forms ions in solution

- e.g. ammonia

Question 17

metal hydroxide/oxide reactions

Answer 17

• soluble metal hydroxides/oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions
• insoluble metal hydroxides/oxides are still bases but not alkalis

Question 18

neutralisation

Answer 18

acid + base -> salt + water

-usually exothermic