Chemical Process Flashcards
Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is favoured by
low temperature and high pressure.
Gun powder, which is an explosive comprises of charcoal, sulphur and
salt petre
Starting raw material for the manufacture of alum is
bauxite
Paper pulp produced by kraft/sulphate process is
strong fibrous
Claude process of gas liquefaction employs
adiabatic expansion against a piston or in a turbine.
The main use of HCl is in the
drilling of petroleum wells and pickling of steel sheets.
The gasification reaction represented by, C + H2O = CO + H2, is a/an __________ reaction
Endothermic
Viscose rayon is chemically
regenerated cellulose acetate
The combustion reaction, C + O2 = CO2, is
exothermic
Styrene is produced from ethyl benzene by the process of
dehydrogenation
Gelatine which is a nitrogenous organic protein is obtained by the hydrolysis of
callagen
Sucrose content in the raw juice extracted from sugar cane is about __________ percent.
15 - 20
The catalyst used in the manufacture of DDT (from chloral and chlorobenzene) is
oleum
Concentration of NaOH solution produced by mercury electrolytic cell is about __________ percent.
50
Which of the following is the most adverse factor challenging the choice of mercury electrolytic cell process for the production of caustic soda?
Pollution of water stream by mercury.
Neoprene is the trade name of
polychloroprene
Sulphur addition in soap is done to
cure pimples & dandruff.
Which of the following is not a raw material used for the manufacture of ordinary glass?
Iron oxide
In sulphate pulp manufacture, the pressure and temperature in the digestor is
10 atm., 170-180°C
Zeolite removes both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water by precipitating calcium and magnesium present in water as insoluble zeolites. Used zeolite is regenerated by flushing with the solution of
sodium chloride
Pasteurisation of milk means
killing of organisms present in it by heating it at controlled temperature without changing its natural characteristics.
process is used for the manufacture of sodium carbonate by ammonia soda process.
Solvay
Polycaprolactum is commercially known as
nylon-6
Frasch process is for
Mining sulfur
Very fine suspended and colloidal impurities are removed from water by a process called
Coagulation
Pitch (a product of coal tar distillation) is always mixed with creosote oil, when it is to be burnt in a burner, because
it reduces viscosity and imparts fluidity for its transportation through pipelines at economic pressure drop.
Which is the main reducing agent during production of iron from iron ore in a blast furnace ?
CO
The drug used in contraceptives is
mestranol
Raw materials used for producing __________ cement does not contain iron oxide.
white
In the Lurgi coal gasifier
large quantity of coal can be processed.
Neon gas is
used in color discharge tube.
Calgon used in water treatment is chemically
sodium hexametaphosphate
Which oil is preferred for paint manufacture ?
Drying oil
Ethylene oxide is produced by oxidation of ethylene in presence of AgO catalyst at
5 atm & 275°C
Cumene is the starting material for the production of
phenol and acetone
The type of high refractive index glass used in optical instruments is __________ glass.
Flint
Oxidation of ortho-xylene in presence of __________ catalyst is done to produce phthalic anhydride on commercial scale
Vanadium
Most commonly used rubber vulcanising agent is
sulphur
Free alkali in a toilet soap is __________ that in a laundary shop.
less than
Dehydrogenation of isopropanol produces
acetone
Concentration of hydrogen peroxide is done by
vacuum crystallisation
Helium is produced on commercial scale from
natural gas
Fermentation of molasses to produce ethyl alcohol is done at __________ °C
20 - 30
The catalyst used in the manufacture of DDT is
20% oleum.
Most widely and commonly used coagulant for the removal of suspended impurities in water is
Alum
Which of the following is not produced on commercial scale from sea water?
Sodium sulphate
Heating of __________ to 120°C, produces plaster of paris.
Gypsum
Which of the following has sodium bicarbonate as its main constituent ?
Baking powder
Oils are partially hydrogenated (not fully) to manufacture vanaspati, because fully saturated solidified oils
cause cholesterol build up and blood clotting
Raw materials for ‘Solvay Process’ for manufacture of the soda ash are
salt, limestone and coke or gas
Sudden temperature fluctuation does not affect pyrex glass, because of its
low co-efficient of expansion.
Most easily and cheaply available fibrous raw material for paper manufacture available in India is bamboo. The yield of pulp produced from fibrous raw material by mechanical process is about __________ percent.
< 10
Absorption of SO3 in 97% H2SO4 is
exothermic
process is used for the commercial production of nitric acid by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
Ostwald’s
Sulphuric acid solution having a specific gravity of 1.20 at room temperature is used mainly for the
car battery solution
The catalyst used in the production of elemental sulphur from H2S (by oxidation-reduction) is
alumina
Zeolite used in water softening process (cation exchange) is regenerated by washing with
brine
Phenol formaldehyde resin is used as an adhesive in making
laminates
Catalyst used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by chamber & contact processes are respectively
oxides of nitrogen & V2O5 on a porous carrier.
Which of the following processes does not produce Cl2 as a co-product during the manufacture of caustic soda ?
Lime-soda process
Bleaching action of bleaching powder is due to its __________ properties
oxidising
Which of the following is not required in the manufacture of soda ash by Solvay process ?
Nitric acid
Lime and soda ash are added to water to remove
bicarbonates & sulphates of calcium and magnesium.
Conversion of CO to CO2 by steam in presence of a catalyst is called
shift conversion.
Refractory bricks having high thermal conductivity is desirable, when it is to be used in the
recuperator
Bromides contained in hot mother liquor is treated with __________ during manufacture of bromine from sea water.
Cl2
Plasticisers are added to paints to
give elasticity & prevent cracking of the film.
Cumene (isopropyl benzene) is made by
propylene alkylation of benzene
Mannheim furnace is used in the manufacture of
hydrochloric acid
Black liquor is converted into white liquor by
evaporation and burning the concentrate followed by causticisation of products.
Polymerisation product of C2F4 (carbon tetraflouride) is called P.T.F.E (poly chloro tetra flouro ethylene). It is also called
teflon
Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it.
methyl alcohol
Sulphur removal by heating of pyrite ore in presence of air is called its
roasting
Deacon’s method is used for the manufacture of
chlorine
Laboratory glass wares which reacts with hydroflouric acid, are made of the __________ glass.borosilicate
borosilicate
Transportation of 35% oleum during winter suffers from the problem of freezing, which can be overcome by the addition of small quantity of
nitric acid
The most stable allotropic form of phosphorous is the __________ phosphorous.
black
Which of the following processes can remove both temporary as well as permanent hardness of water ?
Distillation
Rancidity of the fatty oil can be reduced by its
hydrogenation
Boiling of water containing temporary hardness produces
CO2
Starting material for the commercial production of ethyl alcohol in India is
molasses
Shrinkage volume in cement setting does not depend upon the
sand to cement ratio.
Bisphenol A is produced by the condensation of acetone with
phenol
At a given temperature, the equilibrium yield of SO3 obtained from the oxidation of SO2 is proportional to (where, P = pressure of the system )
√P
20% oleum means that in 100 kg oleum, there are 20 kg of
SO3 and 80kg of H2SO4.
Glycerine is recovered from lye by
evaporation followed by vacuum distillation.
Enzymes are organic catalysts used in the __________ reactions
biochemical
Linde process of gas liquefaction employs
adiabatic expansion through a throttle valve (Joule-Thomson expansion).
Cellulose content of bamboo and ideal fibrous raw material for the manufacture of paper is __________ percent.
50
Ore concentration by froth floatation utilises the __________ of ore particles.
wetting characteristics
The main use of activated carbon in water treatment is to control
taste and odour
The most commonly used substance to speed up the sedimentation of sewage is
lime
Sugar content in sugarcane on cane basis is about __________ percent by weight.
5 to 10
The major use of butadiene is
in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
The manufacture of Kraft pulp is done by a/an __________ process.
alkaline
Antibiotic
inhibits/destroys the growth of microorganisms.
Industrial production of chloroform requires acetone and
calcium hypochlorite
Pencillin, an antibiotic drug was discovered by
Alexender
Styrene (a monomer for the production of polystyrene) is commercially produced by
catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene.
Fatty material used in soap making is
Tallow
glass is used for the manufacture of optical glass.
Flint
Favourable conditions for the liquefaction of gases in general are
high pressure & low temperature.
In the manufacture of sulphuric acid from elemental sulphur, the following sequence of major operations is followed :
furnace → converter → absorber
is an ore of lead.
Galena
Catalytic oxidation of toluene produces
phenol
SO2 is bubbled through hot sugar cane juice to
act as an acidifying agent.
The noble gas which occurs most abundantly in the atmosphere is
argon
Production of alcohol by fermentation of molasses is an __________ process.
aerobic
Main constituents of portland cement are calcium aluminate and
Silicates.
Common salt is generally not produced commonly by __________ method from brine.
Freeze drying
