CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE Flashcards
Chemical nomenclature refers to the _____________
Naming system
indicate the elements and their proportions in a compound.
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Shows the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.
MOLECULAR FORMULA
The subscript numeral indicates the _____________ of an element present.
number of atoms
____________ are structurally different forms of the same element.
ALLOTROPES
____________ show how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule.
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
The simplest chemical formulas. Simply tells us which elements are present. This is expressed as the simplest whole-number ratio of their atoms, but not necessarily the actual number of atoms in each molecule.
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
__________ is a substance composed of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio and held together by chemical bonds.
COMPOUND
Organization that standardizes the nomenclature system for all chemicals and compounds.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (IUPAC)
____________ are made up of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions).
Ionic compounds
Cations
Positive ions
Anions
Negative ions
These are compounds formed from just two elements.
Binary Compounds
Usually involves combination of a Metal Cation + Nonmetallic Anion
Binary Compounds
Named by changing the ending of the element’s name to –ide
Binary Compounds
_____________ are compounds that consist of three elements. Usually involves polyatomic ions.
Ternary compounds
The accepted procedure for designating different cations of the same element is to use Roman numerals.
IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH TRANSITION METALS
______________________ form when elements share electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules.
Covalent or molecular compounds
Molecular compounds are electrically ________.
neutral
Covalent compounds are formed when two ________ react with each other.
nonmetals
We place the name of the first element in the formula first, and the second element is named by adding the suffix “-ide” to the root of the element name.
Molecular compound
- The prefix __________ may be omitted for the first element.
“mono-”
B2H6
Diborane
PH3
Phosphine
CH4
Methane
H2O
Water
SiH4
Silane
H2S
Hydrogen sulfide
NH3
Ammonia
______ can be described as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
Acid
Formulas for acids contain one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an ______ group.
anionic
Acids usually end with _________.
“-ic Acid”
An oxyacid, oxoacid, or ternary acid is an acid that contains ________.
oxygen
Addition of 1 Oxygen From -ic acid
Per…-ic Acid
Removal of 1 Oxygen From -ic acid
-ous Acid
Removal of 2 Oxygen From -ic acid
Hypo…ous Acid
____________ are the anions containing an oxygen atom bonded to another element, with an overall negative charge.
Oxyanions
All H+ ions are removed from -ic
-ic becomes -ate
All H+ ions are removed from -ous
-ous becomes -ite
The oxyanions with fewer oxygen ends in
-ite
The oxyanions with more oxygen ends in
-ate
________ can be described as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
Base
Bases usually end with ___________
Hydroxide (OH)
______________ is a typical weak base.
Ammonia (NH3)
Compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them.
HYDRATES
