Chemical Mediators

Question 1

arachadonic acid metabolites

Answer 1

formed via cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase; include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins

Question 2

cyclooxygenases

Answer 2

part of arachadonic acid metabolite; includes prostaglandin and thromboxane; involved in pain, fever, vasodilation, increased permeability, and promotes platelet aggregation

Question 3

lipooxygenases

Answer 3

part of arachadonic acid metabolite; includes leukotrienes and lipoxins; mediates chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increase vascular permeability

Question 4

vasoactive amines

Answer 4

preformed and released quickly from mast cells (histamine) and platelets (serotonin)

Question 5

histamine

Answer 5

part of vasoactive amine; released from mast cells; vasodilation, increase vascular permeability

Question 6

serotonin

Answer 6

part of vasoactive amine; released from platelets; vasodilatation, increases vascular permeability

Question 7

complement system

Answer 7

found in plasma; function in innate and adaptive immunity (against microbes); acute inflammatory processes: vascular permeability, vasodilation, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, activation and phagocytosis; C3 and C5 are most important (medically) of the inflammatory mediators

Question 8

kinin system

Answer 8

increase vascular permeability, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction and elicits pain–bradykinin (preformed in plasma)

Question 9

cytokines

Answer 9

proteins produced by many cell types (including lymphocytes and macrophages) which have multiple functions; interleukin 1 and TNF are both involved with “acute phase” reaction-fever, loss of appetite, neutrophil release, chemotaxis mediation

Question 10

interleukin - 1

Answer 10

part of cytokine system–mediates chemotaxis, induces fever, induces WBC release from bone marrow, promotes histamine release

Question 11

tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 11

part of cytokine system–induces fever, induces WBC release from bone marrow

Question 12

clotting system

Answer 12

thrombin causes development of fibrin (formation of clot); breakdown of fibrin creates FSPs (fibrin split products) which have permeability inducing properties

Question 13

NItric Oxide

Answer 13

released from macrophages and endothelial cells; involved in tissue destruction (cytotoxin) and vasodilation

Question 14

things that increase vascular permeability

Answer 14

bradykinin, C3, C5, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Question 15

things that cause vasodilation

Answer 15

bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, NO

Question 16

things that elicit pain

Answer 16

bradykinin, prostaglandin

Question 17

histamine release promoters

Answer 17

C3, C5, interleukin

Question 18

fever inducers

Answer 18

interleukin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Question 19

chemotaxis mediators

Answer 19

C5, C3, interleukin, leukotriene, prostaglandin