chemical foundations

Question 1

everything is composed of atoms, which are

Answer 1

physically indivisible

Question 2

between atoms lies

Answer 2

empty space

Question 3

atoms are

Answer 3

indestructible

Question 4

Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1808): elements are made of

Answer 4

tiny particles called atoms

Question 5

all atoms (of the same element) are

Answer 5

identical

Question 6

atoms of different elements have different

Answer 6

properties

Question 7

atoms of one element will combine with others to form

Answer 7

compounds

Question 8

atoms are ______ during chemical reactions, never created or destroyed

Answer 8

rearranged

Question 9

JJ Thompson (1890s) discovered the electron using the

Answer 9

Cathode Ray Tube

Question 10

JJ Thompson assumed the existence of

Answer 10

the proton, he knew atoms are usually neutral and the electron (negative charge) needed to be balanced by something

Question 11

JJ Thompson described the atom as a

Answer 11

Plum Pudding Model (chocolate chip cookie today)
-said the atom was all positive with little charges stuck into it
-the negative could be popped off given the right conditions

Question 12

Robert Millikan (1909) discovered the

Answer 12

Electron’s charge using the Oil Drop Experiment

Question 13

Ernest Rutherford (1919) used the

Answer 13

Gold Foil Experiment to postulate the nucleus’s existence

Question 14

Sir James Chadwick (1932) discovered the

Answer 14

neutron in the nucleus to account for the atom’s missing mass

Question 15

symbols are used to represent

Answer 15

the elements

Question 16

subscripts (bottom right) represent

Answer 16

the relative composition of each element in a molecule or compound

Question 17

superscripts (top right) represent

Answer 17

the charge of an ion

Question 18

the atom is made of 3 elementary particles:

Answer 18

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 19

proton charges are

Answer 19

positive

Question 20

proton mass is

Answer 20

almost equal to the Neutron

Question 21

protons are found in the

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

number of protons is equal to the

Answer 22

atomic number

Question 23

neutron charges are

Answer 23

neutral

Question 24

neutron mass is

Answer 24

slightly heavier than the Proton

Question 25

neutrons are

Answer 25

found in the nucleus

Question 26

neutron’s purpose:

Answer 26

acts as the glue that holds together the Nucleus

Question 27

too many/too few Neutrons can result in

Answer 27

nuclear instability and radioactive decay

Question 28

electron charges are

Answer 28

negative

Question 29

electron masses are

Answer 29

around 2000 times lighter than the Proton

Question 30

electron location is

Answer 30

moving around the nucleus around the speed of light