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Chemistry: Foundations In Chemistry > Chemical formulae > Flashcards

Chemical formulae Flashcards

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1
Q

Common acids

A

•Hydrochloric acid -> HCl
•Sulphuric acid -> H2SO4
•Nitric acid -> HNO3
•Phosphoric acid -> H3PO4
•Ethanoic acid -> CH3COOH

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2
Q

Common bases

A

•Sodium hydroxide -> NaOH
•Potassium hydroxide -> KOH
•Calcium hydroxide -> Ca(OH)2
•Ammonia -> NH3

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3
Q

What is an acid?

A

A proton donor (H+) because hydrogen loses an electron to be an ion it become a singular proton

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4
Q

Acids release what?

A

H+ ions in an aqueous solution

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5
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

It completely dissociates into its ions in an aqueous solution - HCl. Releasing all its acidic hydrogen atoms

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6
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

It partially dissociates into its ions - CH3COOH. Only releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

Exception to the strong acids

A

Releases 1 of 2 hydrogen atoms

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8
Q

What is a base?

A

When a substance readily accepts H+ ions from an acid. A proton acceptor

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9
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solutions. Examples: NaOH, KOH, NH4OH

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10
Q

What is a salt?

A

Produced when H+ ions of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4

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11
Q

Common acids salts

A

•Hydrochloric acid - Chloride salt
•Sulphuric acid - Sulphate salt
•Nitric acid - Nitrate salt
•Phosphoric acid - Phosphate salt
•Ethanoic acid - Ethanoate salt

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12
Q

Reactions to make salts: Acid + Ammonia?

A

Acid + Ammonia -> Ammonia salt

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13
Q

Reactions to make salts: Acid + Metal oxide?

A

Acid + Metal Oxide -> Salt + Water

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14
Q

Reactions to make salts: Acid + Metal Hydroxide?

A

Acid + Metal Hydroxide -> Salt + Water

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15
Q

Reactions to make salts: Acid + Metal?

A

Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

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16
Q

Reactions to make salts: Acid + Carbonate?

A

Acid + Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

17
Q

Solubility of salts: Nitrates

A

All nitrates are soluble in water

18
Q

Solubility of salts: Sodium, potassium and ammonium

A

All sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble in water

19
Q

Solubility of salts: Chlorides

A

All chlorides except silver chloride , AgCl, are soluble in water

20
Q

Solubility of salts: Sulphates

A

All sulphates are soluble in water, except BaSO4 and AgSO4, which are insoluble

21
Q

Solubility of salts: Carbonates

A

All carbonates are insoluble in water except AgF, lead (III) iodine is insoluble in water

22
Q

How to recognise acids?

A

H in-front of compound except CH3COOH

23
Q

How to recognise bases?

A

End with carbonates, CO3

24
Q

How to recognise salts?

A

Positive ions of metals and negative non-metals

25
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of each element present in a compound

26
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule has

27
Q

Rules of ion formation

A

•Metals form positive ions, group 1 forms 1+ and group 2 form 2+
•Non-metals form negative ions, group 6 form 2- and group 7 form 1-
•Positive ions usually end in ‘-ium’
•Negative ions usually end in ‘-ide’ or ‘-ate’ or ‘-ite’
•Transition metals can form positive ions of variable change
•Compound ions contains more than one element

28
Q

Ammonium formulae

A

NH4+

29
Q

Hydroxide formulae

A

OH-

30
Q

Nitrate (V) formulae

A

NO3-

31
Q

Manganite (VII) formulae

A

MnO4-

32
Q

Carbonate formulae

A

CO3 2-

33
Q

Sulphate (VI)

A

SO4 2-

34
Q

Phosphate formulae

A

PO4 3-

Chemistry: Foundations In Chemistry (8 decks)

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