Chemical Factors of breathing rate

Question 1

Chemical factors (levels of O2 and CO2)

Answer 1

• increased CO2, increased breathing rate

- decreased O2 rate, increased breathing rate

Question 2

Chemoreceptors location

Answer 2

• peripheral: aorta and common carotid

- central: directly in medulla

Question 3

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 3

-monitor pH, CO2, O2 levels in common carotid and aorta by stimulating breathing via medulla when O2 or pH drops or CO2 rises

Question 4

Central chemoreceptors

Answer 4

-monitor CO2 levels in the medulla by stimulating breathing when CO2 rises or pH decreases

Question 5

Hypercapnia

Answer 5

• rise of CO2 levels accumulating in the brain
• as CO2 is hydrated, H+ is released, stimulating the central chemoreceptors of the brain
• chemoreceptors synapse with the respiratory regulatory centres, increased depth and breathing rate to decrease CO2 levels

Question 6

Hyperventilation

Answer 6

-high CO2, low pH, faster, deeper breathing
-exhales more CO2 to increase pH
(May lead to apnea and dizziness, eventually alkalosis)

Question 7

Hypoventilation

Answer 7

• low CO2, high pH, blood becomes alkaline (alkalosis)

- extremely slow and shallow breathing to allow CO2 to accumulate in the blood

Question 8

O2 levels

Answer 8

-changes in [O2] in blood are detected by the peripheral chemoreceptors, which is sent to the medulla, increasing breathing rate
(O2 pis the stimulus for those whose systems have become accustomed to high levels of CO2 as a result of a disease