Chemical Engineering History 1 Flashcards
Production of valuable products from raw materials via chemical and physical processes.
Industrial Chemistry
Industrial Chemistry leads to
Chemical Engineering
Production of Soda Ash
Used for the production of glass and soap
First high volume chemical process was implemented in England for the production of Soda Ash which was used for the production of glass and soap
1823
Advances in organic chemistry led to development of chemical processes that produces synthetic dyes from coals for textiles
Starting in 1850s
Father of ChE
George E. Davis
Identified the idea of unit operations, a core concept of ChE in which chemical processes can be further broken down into operations
George E. Davis
Coined the term “Chemical Engineering”
George E. Davis
1887
Chemical Trade Journal
British chemical industry operating practices which served for famous series of ____ lectures at ________________________.
12; Manchester Technical College
The idea that processing plant includes a variety of processes and these operations are essentially same regardless of the products
1901 - The Handbook of Chemical Engineering
First ____ year curriculum in Chemical Engineering was developed in _____ by _______________, a chemistry professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Four, 1888, Lewis M. Norton
First Association dedicated to chemical engineering, the American Institure of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
1908
First economically viable process for directly synthesizing ammonia from _______ and ________.
Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen, nitrogen
________________ was first to offer chemical engineering in ______.
The pioneer batch of graduate were produced in ______
Mapua University, 1934, 1937
Led to the creation of a new Board of Examiners for Chemical Engineers.
June ___, ______
Republic Act No. 318, June 19, 1948
Chemical Engineering Act of 2004
Republic Act No. 9297
An engineer is a designer, supervisor, constructor, operator, investigator, and adviser
Connections and Relationships
Wide range of work requiring technical knowledge and experience, ability for proper and clear oral and written expressions, knowledge of finances, economics, business methods, and of legal relations
The Function of the Engineer and his Relations
Problem Solving Skills
For success, engineers must acquire knowledge of:
The fundamental principles of those sciences
Those methods and calculations
The use of language
Business and engineering law
Those essential principles concerning personal relations.
The Technical and Scientific Preparation
Ability to express his meaning in clear, concise and convincing language, both oral and written
The Knowledge of English
Personal Success
The greatest success results from a well balanced life and should usually include:
Suitable friends and family relations
Sufficient income
A good personal, professional, and business reputation Respect of his friends and associates
Self-respect
The following attributes are ideal for the individual to achieve success:
Health
Native ability
Character
Education
Experience
Opportunity
Common sense and judgment
Factors of Success Must Be Recognized
Based on the report of Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching, the qualifications/characteristics necessary for success in engineering work are:
1.Character, integrity, responsibility, resourcefulness, initiative 2.Judgment, common sense, scientific attitude, perspective 3.Efficiency, thoroughness, accuracy, industry
4.Understanding of men, executive ability 5.Knowledge of fundamentals 6.Technique of practice and of business
Opinions of the Engineering Profession
The very keystone of successful engineering practice is ___________. The development of this requires personal investigation, personal consideration and personal conclusions, and should be based on a well balanced appreciation of both theory and practice.
Judgment
The successful engineer must rightly weigh and appreciate his own limitations and must recognize his personal deficiencies and meagerness of his knowledge; and he must know that success is dependent on the proper use of his best ability and thorough, hard, conscientious and intelligent work
Self-knowledge
All men are to a greater or less degree are biased in their judgment of themselves, others, and all problems and conditions which is established by common experience.
Personal Bias
5 Personal Biases
Bias of Special Knowledge
Bias of Personal Experience
Bias of Local Experience
Bias of Personal Interest
Bias of Association
The __________ of the individual is of great importance and has marked effect on his advancement. Good appearance, good address, proper self-confidence and self-respect, the evidences of intelligence and energy, the ability of proper expression, a proper consideration of the feelings and rights of others, mark the man for higher position and better things.
Personality
It is essential that the young engineer should mingle with his fellows and compare his ideas with those of others in professional lines. He should early associate himself with those technical societies before which those problems of engineering in which he is particularly or generally interested.
Professional Improvement
Position and men are often widely separated and consequently the man and the very best position for which he is suited may seldom come in contact. The problem on the one hand is to secure the best available man for a given position, and on the other hand for a man to secure a position in which his services will be satisfactory and which will give him the greatest returns not only in income but in personal satisfaction.
The Man and The Job
A subordinate position with an organization of greater or less magnitude, either in the office, factory or the field, is the first opportunity for active service that usually comes to the young engineer. Such a position is seldom important in a relative sense but is most important to the individual for it is his first step in practical life, his first chance to “make good”.
The First Job
The amount of _______ to be received from a given position is naturally a matter of interest and frequently receives greater consideration that its importance warrants. If the salary received is more than should ordinarily be expected in a given position, it commonly means either that the work is temporary and that the man has found a niche to which he fits by unusual aptitude and in which he is likely to remain without the opportunity of acquiring a broader and more extended experience.
Salary
The engineer should advise and assist his ___________ and give them every reasonable encouragement and incentive to excel in their work. Criticism and reproof where necessary should administered kindly and with the idea of improvement, praise, and commendation should be offered for initiative, skill, and accuracy.
Subordinates
The relation of the engineer to his ______ are fiduciary in nature and therefore involves, both legally and morally, an obligations which must be exercised even at the sacrifice of personal interest. The client must place his trust in the personal honesty, business integrity and professional ability of his engineer.
Duties to Clients
Every professional man is greatly indebted to his ___________. HIs knowledge and usefulness have been greatly augmented by labor and investigation, the successes and the failures of those who have gone before.
Profession
Engineering training affords a suitable foundation not only for professional work but also for various ______________ in which engineer may engage, whether directly or indirectly connected with technical affairs or in different related field such as in business and entrepreneurial sector.
other occupation and vocation
The work of engineer is often far from the _____ eye, in the office and in the field. Engineers is of the away from home and his mind is so concentrated on his work and on his duties that he is apt to avoid the public is often almost a stranger in his own town except among his personal friends.
Public
Engineer should be governed by a strict regard for the rights of others and an appreciation of the duties he, as a ______________, owes to all with whom he has business relations.
Professional man
Legally established rules and regulations created and enforced by a recognized authority within a specific jurisdiction.
Limitations of Positive Law
To the honorable business or professional man, the question of legal right in regard to a course of conduct is secondary importance to the ethical right, and he will not exercise legal rights which are not also morally sound.
Ethics
It is essential that every individual who is to take part in business or professional life should adopt or form _________________ of action for guidance in his relations to others with whom he must necessarily come in contact.
individual principles
To respect my country, my profession, and myself.
To base my expectations of a reward on a solid foundation of service rendered.
To remember that success lies within my own self and in my own brain, my own ambition, and my own courage and determination. To believe in my profession, heart, and soul.
To know my profession in every detail.
To cut out expensive amusements until I can afford them.
To take a good grip on the joys of life.
Specifications for a Man
These codes do not presume to define all of the duties and obligations of the individual toward life, but express as far and as clearly as practicable the principles which should govern the professional relations of the engineer to his client or employer, to other professional men, and to the public.
Code of Ethics
The employment of the technical man in trade, business or professional work is a contract and must contain all the essential features of a contract.
If employment is for an indefinite period as long as either or both parties are satisfied, it may be__________ without notice and without expressed reason.
terminated
Employment may be terminated by an employer before the contract term of service has expired by reason of any of the following causes:
Willful disobedience to lawful orders
Gross moral misconduct
Habitual negligence
Incompetency or incapacity
The responsibilities legally implied are summarized by ______ as follows:
That he has the requisite skill and knowledge
That he will use reasonable care and diligence in the exercise of his skill and in the application of his knowledge
That he will use his best judgment; and
That he will be honest
Waite
When an engineer undertakes to supervise the construction of work, he becomes an agent of his client with the authority and subject to the liability of agents.
The ____________ of the engineer should always be defined in contract.
The engineer is presumed to know the extent of his own power. If they exceed his authority. they become personally liable.
Extent of powers
It is common in construction contracts to confer upon the engineer _________________ to reject or condemn work or material which in his judgment is faulty, and in some cases to require certain expenditures for inspection, protection or safety of the work if in his judgment they are necessary but which may be burdensome and unfair if not administered in an impartial and judicial spirit. Against this power the contractor has no redress unless corruption can be shown.
Arbitrary power
The plans for a structure will belong to the owner when he has paid the engineer a reasonable price for their services, at least during the time and for the purpose of construction, unless otherwise specifically agreed.
Unauthorized use of such plans by ________ or building from them is considered illegal, unless they are published to the world, in which case, unless copyrighted, they have become public property.
Copying
In any event technical litigation will ordinarily require expert service for the purpose of :
First: Consultation in regard to the technical details involved. Second: Assistance in the preparation of the case.
Third: Assistance in the examination of technical witnesses by the attorney.
Fourth: As expert witness
The engineer’s work will consist of securing and arranging the facts and data pertinent to the case and in devising means and methods by which the facts and principles involved may be so simplified, clarified and presented as to make the ________ as nearly ________ as possible to the minds of the court or of the jury.
Conclusions, obvious
Whenever an honest and conscientious engineer finds himself repeatedly called to sustain a certain definite point of view in a variety of similar cases, he will do well to carefully analyze his position and examine the basis of his opinions and determine whether his conclusions are not being radically affected by the __________ of his experience and affiliations rather than by any profound knowledge of the subject.
Limitations
In the judicial procedure of cases of expert evidence, what is needed at the present time is not that the expert should be chosen by the court but that the court should have ______________ who are able to properly weigh the testimony submitted and to differentiate on the basis of their scientific or technical knowledge of the subject the true from the false, the essential and the non-essential, and to draw correct conclusions from the mass of evidence which is frequently beyond the capacity of the presiding judge or of the jury.
Expert advisers
The true aim of the profession of engineering is the_________________. If the engineer, by his special knowledge, can assist in the establishment of justice he has a duty to perform that cannot be laid lightly aside.
establishment of truth
