chemical digestion

Question 1

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 1

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of
large insoluble molecules into small
soluble molecules.

Question 2

role of chemical digestion

Answer 2

The role of chemical digestion is to produce
small soluble molecules that can be
absorbed

Question 3

mention the three enzymes

Answer 3

amylase, protease, lipase

Question 4

what does amylase break down and to what

Answer 4

breaks down starch to simpler sugars

Question 5

what does protease break down and to what

Answer 5

breaks down protein to amino acids

Question 6

what does lipase break down and to what

Answer 6

breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

where is amylase secreted?

Answer 7

pancreas and salivary glands

Question 8

where is amylase’s site of action

Answer 8

mouth and duodenum

Question 9

what is the special conditions for amylase

Answer 9

slightly alkaline

Question 10

what is the substrate digested in amylase

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

what is the end products for amylase

Answer 11

maltose and glucose

Question 12

where is protease (pepsin) secreted

Answer 12

stomach

Question 13

where is protease (pepsin) site of action

Answer 13

stomach

Question 14

where is protease (trypsin) secreted

Answer 14

pancreas

Question 15

where is protease (trypsin) site of action

Answer 15

small intestine

Question 16

what is the special conditions for protease

Answer 16

acid in stomach, alkaline in duodenum (small intestine)

Question 17

what is the substrate digested in protease

Answer 17

protein

Question 18

what is the end products for protease

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

where is lipase secreted

Answer 19

pancreas

Question 20

where is lipase’s site of action

Answer 20

duodenum

Question 21

what is the special conditions for lipase

Answer 21

alkaline

Question 22

what is the substrate digested in lipase

Answer 22

Fat

Question 23

what is the end products for lipase

Answer 23

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

starch is broken down to what

Answer 24

amylase

Question 25

where is amylase found

Answer 25

saliva, pancreas, small intestine

Question 26

amylase breaks starch into what

Answer 26

maltose

Question 27

from maltose to what

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

proteins bare broken down by

Answer 28

protease

Question 29

pepsin and trypsin are found where

Answer 29

pepsin in stomach and trypsin in small intestine

Question 30

fats are made up of

Answer 30

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

fats are broken down by what

Answer 31

lipase

Question 32

lipase is found where

Answer 32

small intestine and pancreatic juice

Question 33

glycogen is stored where

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

glucose is converted to what

Answer 34

glycogen

Question 35

the stomach secretes what kind of juice

Answer 35

gastric juice

Question 36

the pancreas secretes what kind of juice

Answer 36

pancreatic juice

Question 37

the mouth has what

Answer 37

salivary glands

Question 38

gastric juice contains what

Answer 38

hydrochloric acid and pepsin, also it is acidic

Question 39

pancreatic juice contains

Answer 39

amylase, protease, lipase. it also works in the small intestine.

Question 40

the salivary glands produce what

Answer 40

saliva and amylase and they are alkaline

Question 41

functions of hydrochloric acid

Answer 41

- kills bacteria in food and gives an acid PH for enzymes - denaturing enzymes in harmful microorganisms in food - giving the optimum Ph for pepsin activity

Question 42

explain digestion of starch

Answer 42

amylase breaks down starch to maltose in the mouth. maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine. mouth--starch---maltose----small intestine maltose is broken down by maltase to form glucose

Question 43

explain digestion of protein

Answer 43

pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach. trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine. protein is broken down by pepsin to form polypeptide and polypeptide is broken down by trypsin to form amino acids

Question 44

where does protein digestion take place

Answer 44

stomach and duodenum

Question 45

what is bile

Answer 45

Bile is an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action. Emulsifies fats to increase the surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase.

Question 46

where is bile released

Answer 46

the small intestine

Question 47

where is bile made+ stored + transferred

Answer 47

bile is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and transferred to the duodenum by the bile duct

Question 48

the function of the hydrogen carbonate in bile

Answer 48

neutralising the acid mixture of food and gastric juices as it enters the duodenum, this is important because enzymes secreted into the duodenum need alkaline conditions to work at their optimum rate

Question 49

how is a low ph helpful in the stomach

Answer 49

- low ph kills bacteria in food that we have ingested as it denatures the enzymes in their cells, meaning they can't carry out any cell reactions to maintain life - pepsin, produced in the stomach, an example of an enzyme that has a very low optimum ph- around ph 2 - hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach remains within the optimum range for pepsin to work at its fastest rate

Question 50

more water is absorbed where

Answer 50

small intestine and large intestine

Question 51

large intestine is made of

Answer 51

anus, colon, rectum