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Fresh Water Biology > Chemical Cycles in Water > Flashcards

Chemical Cycles in Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biogeochemistry

A

The global cycling of chemicals through the biotic and abiotic reservoirs.

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2
Q

Water Cycle

A
  • Water vapor transpires through pores in leaves
  • Respiration also produces some water vapor
  • Water evaporates from lakes, oceans, and rivers
  • Water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and returns to the land as precipitation.
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3
Q

What Chemicals Cycle Within Ecosystems?

A

Water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

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4
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Diffuses between water and atmospheric air

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5
Q

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)

A

Carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate ion

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6
Q

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

A

Methane (CH4) is simplest form

From decomposition of organic matter

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7
Q

Particulate organic carbon (POC)

A

All organic matter

Living, dead, waste, etc

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8
Q

Carbon Reservoirs

A

Rocks, Atmosphere, Oceans, Freshwater, Detritus, Primary producers, Consumers

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9
Q

The formula for creating Carbonic Acid

A

h2o +co2 >

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10
Q

What is Bicarbonate?

Bicarbonate = carbonic acid

A

h2co3 >

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11
Q

Titration

A

Addition of acids until there is a lowering of pH

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12
Q

Buffers

A

Molecules the prevent pH changes

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13
Q

Primary Sources of Acid Deposition in Aquatic Ecosystems

A

H2CO3, HNO3, H2SO4

CO3-2, NO3-1, SO4-2

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14
Q

Anesthetic

A

invertebrates, vertebrates

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15
Q

Lake Nyos

A

CO2 eruption
Cameroon, 1989
1746 people died

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16
Q

Oxygen gas

A

Needed for aerobic metabolism

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17
Q

Ozone

A

Primarily in the upper atmosphere

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18
Q

Inorganic (Oxygen)

A

Component in many inorganic molecules

Water, Nitrate, phosphate, silicate metal oxides

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19
Q

Organic (Oxygen)

A

C, H, and O are components of all organic molecules

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20
Q

Oxygen Reservoir

A

Rocks, Atmosphere, Water

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21
Q

Photosynthesis

A

essential for life on earth

Water+carbon+Light+plant=glucose and Oxygen

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22
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

The process of using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP

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23
Q

Breathing in Water

A

Adaption to low oxygen, gills, circulatory systems, behavior

24
Q

Gills

A

high surface area

keep water moving

25
Q

Total Phosphorus (TP)

A

All of the phosphorus in a water sample

10 to 80 ug/L in most lakes

26
Q

Soluble reaction phosphorus (SRP)

A

Forms readily available for algae and plants

27
Q

Total Soluble phosphorus

A

all phosphorus that can pass through a filter

28
Q

Orthophosphate

A

Inorganic form, PO4-3

Nearly insoluble

29
Q

Dissolved organic phosphorus

A

from living and/or decomposing organisms

also from detergents and some pesticides

30
Q

Particulate organic phosphorus

A

Organic phosphorus in plant and animal bodies and waste

31
Q

Particulate inorganic phosphorus

A

orthophosphate bound to particulate matter

electrostatic attraction to clay particles

32
Q

phosphine gas

A

PH3 poisons gas produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

33
Q

Reservoirs of phosphorus

A

Rock, soil, Guano, atmosphere, oceans, freshwater, primary producers, consumers

34
Q

Area 226

A

Experimental lake

Whole lake experiment

35
Q

David Schindler

A

First to determine that phosphorus was rate limiting nutrient for algae growth

36
Q

Total Nitrogen (TN)

A

All nitrogen in a water sample except nitrogen gas

37
Q

Nitrogen Gas (N2)

A

Dissolves easily in water, but inert

38
Q

Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2)

A

Form from oxides of nitrogen in water
Nitrate is used by many plant, protists and microbes as a N source
Nitrite is toxic

39
Q

Ammonia

A

Reduced form of Nitrogen from nitrogen fixation
Waste product of many animals to eliminate N
Easily dissolves in water
Forms ammonium ion (NH4+) in water which can combine with oxygen to form nitrate
Nitrate + nitrite + ammonium = dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)

40
Q

Organic Nitrogen

A

Amino acids, nucleotides and excretory products

41
Q

Reservoirs of Nitrogen

A

Rocks, atmosphere, oceans, freshwater, primary producers, consumers

42
Q

Biological processes involving nitrogen in freshwater

A

Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation, excretion

43
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Nitrogen gas to ammonium

44
Q

Nitrification

A

ammonium to nitrate or nitrite

45
Q

Denitrification

A

Nitrate to nitrogen gas

46
Q

assimilation

A

DIN or Organic N incorporation into organic compounds

47
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination by animal in ammonium, Urea or Uric acid

48
Q

Nitrogen-Fixing

A

bacteria (N2 to NH3)

49
Q

Symbiotic

A

Nitrogen relationships with plants
Bacteria gets sugars from plant
plant gets useable forms of nitrogen

50
Q

Silicon in Water

A

The element silicon (Si), or silica (SiO2) from aluminosilicate clays
Found in water as the acid, silicic acid (H4SiO4)
Silicate ion (SO4-4) has minor buffering capabilities
Usually at about 13 mg/L in water

51
Q

Silicate (SO4-3)

A

Sand.

Critical for diatoms to survive.

52
Q

Pollution

A

Any Chemical, physical, of biological change in the environment that harms living organisms

53
Q

Eutrophication

A

Excessive nutrients ultimately lead to oxygen-poor water

54
Q

Trophic level

A

Describes an organism’s position in the food chain

55
Q

Primary production

A

Producers tie up energy

56
Q

Bioaccumulate or Biomagnify

A

Fat-soluble chemicals do not readily degrade
Therefore they ascend the food chain
Become more concentrated at higher trophic levels

Fresh Water Biology (4 decks)

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