- Water vapor transpires through pores in leaves - Respiration also produces some water vapor - Water evaporates from lakes, oceans, and rivers - Water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and returns to the land as precipitation.

Chemical Cycles in Water Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Biogeochemistry

The global cycling of chemicals through the biotic and abiotic reservoirs.

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Water Cycle

Water vapor transpires through pores in leaves
Respiration also produces some water vapor
Water evaporates from lakes, oceans, and rivers
Water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and returns to the land as precipitation.

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What Chemicals Cycle Within Ecosystems?

Water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

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Carbon Dioxide

Diffuses between water and atmospheric air

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Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)

Carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate ion

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Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Methane (CH4) is simplest form

From decomposition of organic matter

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Particulate organic carbon (POC)

All organic matter

Living, dead, waste, etc

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Carbon Reservoirs

Rocks, Atmosphere, Oceans, Freshwater, Detritus, Primary producers, Consumers

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The formula for creating Carbonic Acid

h2o +co2 >

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What is Bicarbonate?

Bicarbonate = carbonic acid

h2co3 >

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Titration

Addition of acids until there is a lowering of pH

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Buffers

Molecules the prevent pH changes

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Primary Sources of Acid Deposition in Aquatic Ecosystems

H2CO3, HNO3, H2SO4

CO3-2, NO3-1, SO4-2

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Anesthetic

invertebrates, vertebrates

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Lake Nyos

CO2 eruption
Cameroon, 1989
1746 people died

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Oxygen gas

Needed for aerobic metabolism

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Ozone

Primarily in the upper atmosphere

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Inorganic (Oxygen)

Component in many inorganic molecules

Water, Nitrate, phosphate, silicate metal oxides

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Organic (Oxygen)

C, H, and O are components of all organic molecules

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Oxygen Reservoir

Rocks, Atmosphere, Water

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Photosynthesis

essential for life on earth

Water+carbon+Light+plant=glucose and Oxygen

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Aerobic Respiration

The process of using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP

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Breathing in Water

Adaption to low oxygen, gills, circulatory systems, behavior

Gills

high surface area

keep water moving

Total Phosphorus (TP)

All of the phosphorus in a water sample | 10 to 80 ug/L in most lakes

Soluble reaction phosphorus (SRP)

Forms readily available for algae and plants

Total Soluble phosphorus

all phosphorus that can pass through a filter

Orthophosphate

Inorganic form, PO4-3 | Nearly insoluble

Dissolved organic phosphorus

from living and/or decomposing organisms | also from detergents and some pesticides

Particulate organic phosphorus

Organic phosphorus in plant and animal bodies and waste

Particulate inorganic phosphorus

orthophosphate bound to particulate matter | electrostatic attraction to clay particles

phosphine gas

PH3 poisons gas produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

Reservoirs of phosphorus

Rock, soil, Guano, atmosphere, oceans, freshwater, primary producers, consumers

Area 226

Experimental lake | Whole lake experiment

David Schindler

First to determine that phosphorus was rate limiting nutrient for algae growth

Total Nitrogen (TN)

All nitrogen in a water sample except nitrogen gas

Nitrogen Gas (N2)

Dissolves easily in water, but inert

Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2)

Form from oxides of nitrogen in water Nitrate is used by many plant, protists and microbes as a N source Nitrite is toxic

Ammonia

Reduced form of Nitrogen from nitrogen fixation Waste product of many animals to eliminate N Easily dissolves in water Forms ammonium ion (NH4+) in water which can combine with oxygen to form nitrate Nitrate + nitrite + ammonium = dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)

Organic Nitrogen

Amino acids, nucleotides and excretory products

Reservoirs of Nitrogen

Rocks, atmosphere, oceans, freshwater, primary producers, consumers

Biological processes involving nitrogen in freshwater

Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilation, excretion

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen gas to ammonium

Nitrification

ammonium to nitrate or nitrite

Denitrification

Nitrate to nitrogen gas

assimilation

DIN or Organic N incorporation into organic compounds

Excretion

Elimination by animal in ammonium, Urea or Uric acid

Nitrogen-Fixing

bacteria (N2 to NH3)

Symbiotic

Nitrogen relationships with plants Bacteria gets sugars from plant plant gets useable forms of nitrogen

Silicon in Water

The element silicon (Si), or silica (SiO2) from aluminosilicate clays Found in water as the acid, silicic acid (H4SiO4) Silicate ion (SO4-4) has minor buffering capabilities Usually at about 13 mg/L in water

Silicate (SO4-3)

Sand. | Critical for diatoms to survive.

Pollution

Any Chemical, physical, of biological change in the environment that harms living organisms

Eutrophication

Excessive nutrients ultimately lead to oxygen-poor water

Trophic level

Describes an organism's position in the food chain

Primary production

Producers tie up energy

Bioaccumulate or Biomagnify

Fat-soluble chemicals do not readily degrade Therefore they ascend the food chain Become more concentrated at higher trophic levels