chemical compound in cells Flashcards
organic compound
compound that contains the element carbon
inorganic compound
compound that doesn’t contain the element carbon
element
substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance
atom
smallest particle of an element
molecule
smallest unit in most compound
compound
refers to two or more elements combine chemically
amino acid
smaller molecules that make up the protein’s molecules
general formula of amino acid
NH2-CH-COOH
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nucleic acid (na)
very large organic molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
types of na
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid)
4 bases in DNA
cytosine(C) guanine(G) adenine(A) thymine(T)
4 bases in RNA
cytosine(C) guanine(G) adenine(A) uracil(U)
types of organic compounds
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
protein
large organic molecule make of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
function of protein
- maintain pH
- provide body’s structure
- coordinates bodily functions
- helps repair and build body’s tissue
- allows metabolic reactions to take place
Carbohydrates
energy rich organic compound make up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Function of carbohydrates
- help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism
- energy source for all cell’s activities
Lipid
energy rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Function of lipid
- compose cell membrane
- protect our skin from dehydration
- energy in lipids are stored for later use
Nucleic acid
very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Function of nucleic
- DNA: contains genetic instructions needed for organism’s development, survival, & reproduction.
- RNA: translate genetic information and transport it to cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
Importance of water
- needed for chemical reactions to take place
- takes part in many chemical reactions
- helps cells to keep their size and shape
- helps keep the temperature of a cell from changing rapidly
