CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY Pt. 3 Flashcards
What are carbohydrates
A group that includes things like table sugars & starches.
What are the simple carbohydrates?
Monosacharides * Fructose * Glucose * Galatose Disaccharides *Sucrose *Lactose *Maltose
What foods have simple carbohydrates?
Candy Bars Soda Table Sugar Fruit Cake
What is Sucrose made of?
Glucose +Glucose
What are complex carbohydrates?
Long branching chains of glucose molecules.
- Starch: a carbohydrate stored in plants.
- Glycogen: a storage carbohydrate in animals.
- Lipids
Where is glycogen stored?
The liver & all muscle types.
What are the 4 categories of lipids?
Fatty acids can be unsaturated or saturated. Mono-,di-,& triglycerides Phospholipids (polar) Steroids Eicosanoids (prostaglandins)
What are saturated fats
contains only single bonds between the carbons on the fatty acid chains.
What are unsaturated fats?
contains 1 or more double bonds between the carbons on the fatty acid chains.
Semi solid or liquid at room temperature.
Mono-,Di-, & Poly unsaturated fats.
What will unsaturated fats only dissolve in?
Other lipids & insoluble in water
What is a triglyceride made up?
Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid chains.
What are phospholipids?
They are modified triglycerides
What are phospholipids made of?
Phosphorus head & 2 fatty acids tails.
Where are phospholipids found?
They are found only human cell membrane as a bi-layer.
What does hydrophilic mean?
Tails on the inside of the membrane.
Soluble in water
What does hydrophobic?
Heads on the outside of the membrane.
Repels water
What is polar?Phospholipids
Hydrophilic
What is nonpolar? Phospholipids
Hydrophobic
What are steroids?
- Parent compound is cholesterol.
- Used for the production of external hormones.
- Can dissolve in fatty substances
What do steroids dissolve through?
Cell membrane & nuclear membranes
What do steroids attaches directly to?
DNA
What are the more functions of steroids?
Starts transcription of proteins
* Such as enzymes
What is cholesterol produced through.
De Novo synthesis.
What does cholesterol decrease?
Cell membrane permeability to shall water soluble molecules.
What are examples of steroids?
Estrogen, Testosterone, & cholesterol
