CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY Flashcards
What are the trace elements of the body?
Na Se P Mg Mn K Ca Fe
Isotope
Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons.
Atomic mass
p=#e
Atomic number
p
What is alpha radiation?
- weakest radiation
- made up of 2 protons & neutrons bond together
- Doesn’t travel far
- Can cause mutations or cancer if ingested a lot, or inhaled a lot.
- Not common in hospitals
Beta raiation
- used in hospitals
- A lot in nature
- Doesn’t do a lot of damage unless you have repeated exposure
- It can mutate the DNA of the cell
- Is used to kill cancer cells
- Can penetrate through wood, can’t penetrate through thick glass
Gamma radiation
- BIG BOI RADIATION
- Is used in hospitals
- Atoms are exploding & emitting massively high energy waves.
- Can’t go through a thick piece of lead
Will stable atoms bond to anything else?
No
How many electrons are in shell 1 of atoms?
2
How many electrons are in shell 2 `
4
How many electron are in shell 3
8
What is the OCTANE RULE?
There must be 8 electrons in the outer shell.
What happens when a shell contains at least one unpaired electron?
It’s unstable
What are the important cations in Physiology?
Na+/ Sodium
K+/ Potassium
Ca2+/ Calcium
H+/Hydrogen
What is a cation?
a positively charged ion
What are the important cations in physiology?
Cl-/Chloride
HCO3-/Bicarbonate
HPO4^2-/ Phosphate
SO4^2-/ Sulfate
What is a anion?
negatively charged ion
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
An equal amount of amount of the time they spend between atoms.
What is a polar covalent bond?
an unequal amount of time spent between atoms.
What happens when one atom is bigger than the other hydrogens?
They are covalent bond.
What is synthesis reaction?
It’s also called anabolic.
A+B—>C
What is decomposition reaction?
It’s also called catbolic.
AB—>A+B
What is exchange reaction?
AB+C–>AC+B
