Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 1

• Superscript on the periodic table

- Protons + Neutrons

Question 2

What is the Atomic number of an element?

Answer 2

• Subscript in the periodic table

- Proton number

Question 3

what is an isotope?

Answer 3

A version of an element that has a different number of neutrons

Question 4

What is the name of an ion with a net positive charge?

Answer 4

a cation

Question 5

What is the name of an ion with a net negative charge?

Answer 5

an anion

Question 6

what is the ionic form of a mineral element called?

Answer 6

electrolyte

Question 7

What are two or more atoms together called?

Answer 7

Molecule

Question 8

What is a molecule made of two or more elements called?

Answer 8

Compound

Question 9

How many bonds can a hydrogen atom make?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

How many bonds can an oxygen atom make?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many bonds can a Nitrogen atom make?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

How many bonds can a Carbon atom make?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 13

A covalent bond where one atom maintains a slightly positive charge while the other maintains slightly negative

Question 14

What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons referred to as?

Answer 14

Electronegativity

Question 15

What type of covalent bond is more soluble in water, between polar and non-polar?

Answer 15

Polar bonds

Question 16

What is a non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 16

Electrons are equally shared

Question 17

Lipid bilayers of cell membranes contain what kind of covalent bonds?

Answer 17

both polar and non-polar

Question 18

What is the name of a substance being dissolved in a liquid?

Answer 18

Solute

Question 19

What is the name of a liquid that a substance is being dissolved?

Answer 19

Solvent

Question 20

What is the name of the combination of a liquid and the substance dissolved in it?

Answer 20

Solution

Question 21

What is an amphipathic molecule?

Answer 21

one which is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic, like the lipid bilayer)

Question 22

What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?

Answer 22

Organic studies carbon containing moleccules. Inorganic studies non-carbon molecules.

Question 23

What type of bond occurs between polysaccharides?

Answer 23

Glycosidic (C-O-C) bonds

Question 24

What are the four types of lipid

Answer 24

• Fatty acids
• Triglycerides
• Phospholipids
• steroids

Question 25

What is a saturated fatty acid

Answer 25

no C=C double bonds

Question 26

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 26

Contains one or more C=C double bond

Question 27

What is the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsatured fats?

Answer 27

Monounsaturated --> one C=C double bond | Polyunsaturated --> two or more C=C doube bond

Question 28

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 28

A glycerol bonded to three fatty acids

Question 29

What is the hydrophobic part of a phospholipid?

Answer 29

The fatty acid chains

Question 30

Are steroids water soluble?

Answer 30

No.

Question 31

What percent of organic material in the body is protein?

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

What are the subunit monomers of proteins, and what are they bound together by?

Answer 32

Amino acids; peptide bonds

Question 33

What groups are found on the N terminus and C terminus of an amino acid?

Answer 33

amino and carboxyl group respectively

Question 34

What are the purines?

Answer 34

A and G

Question 35

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 35

C and T

Question 36

What are the main differences between RNA and DNA?

Answer 36

- RNA is single stranded - RNA contains ribose rather than deoxyribose - Has uracil instead of thymine

Question 37

What are the two classes of cells?

Answer 37

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

Question 38

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 38

The region outside the nucleus including organelles

Question 39

What is Cytosol?

Answer 39

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm surrounding but not including the organelles

Question 40

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 40

All the fluid inside a cell including inside all organelles and nucleus

Question 41

What is a genome?

Answer 41

The total genetic information coded in the DNA of a typical cell of an organism

Question 42

What is a gene?

Answer 42

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 43

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 43

23

Question 44

What are the packaging proteins that DNA coils round to form chromosomes called?

Answer 44

Histones

Question 45

What are clusters of DNA associated with histones called?

Answer 45

Nucleosomes

Question 46

What is the enzyme that uncoils DNA during transcription?

Answer 46

Helicase

Question 47

What is DNA transcription?

Answer 47

the creation of mRNA complimentary to a template strand of DNA

Question 48

What enzyme joins RNA nucleotides onto the mRNA strand during transcription?

Answer 48

RNA polymerase

Question 49

What are the 3 stages of protein translation?

Answer 49

- Initiation - Strand Elongation - Termination