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YR1 S1 Physiology > Chemical Composition of the Body > Flashcards

Chemical Composition of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A
  • Superscript on the periodic table

- Protons + Neutrons

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2
Q

What is the Atomic number of an element?

A
  • Subscript in the periodic table

- Proton number

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3
Q

what is an isotope?

A

A version of an element that has a different number of neutrons

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4
Q

What is the name of an ion with a net positive charge?

A

a cation

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5
Q

What is the name of an ion with a net negative charge?

A

an anion

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6
Q

what is the ionic form of a mineral element called?

A

electrolyte

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7
Q

What are two or more atoms together called?

A

Molecule

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8
Q

What is a molecule made of two or more elements called?

A

Compound

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9
Q

How many bonds can a hydrogen atom make?

A

1

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10
Q

How many bonds can an oxygen atom make?

A

2

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11
Q

How many bonds can a Nitrogen atom make?

A

3

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12
Q

How many bonds can a Carbon atom make?

A

4

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13
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond where one atom maintains a slightly positive charge while the other maintains slightly negative

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14
Q

What is the ability of an atom to attract electrons referred to as?

A

Electronegativity

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15
Q

What type of covalent bond is more soluble in water, between polar and non-polar?

A

Polar bonds

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16
Q

What is a non-polar covalent bond?

A

Electrons are equally shared

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17
Q

Lipid bilayers of cell membranes contain what kind of covalent bonds?

A

both polar and non-polar

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18
Q

What is the name of a substance being dissolved in a liquid?

A

Solute

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19
Q

What is the name of a liquid that a substance is being dissolved?

A

Solvent

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20
Q

What is the name of the combination of a liquid and the substance dissolved in it?

A

Solution

21
Q

What is an amphipathic molecule?

A

one which is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic, like the lipid bilayer)

22
Q

What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?

A

Organic studies carbon containing moleccules. Inorganic studies non-carbon molecules.

23
Q

What type of bond occurs between polysaccharides?

A

Glycosidic (C-O-C) bonds

24
Q

What are the four types of lipid

A
  • Fatty acids
  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • steroids
25
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid

A

no C=C double bonds

26
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Contains one or more C=C double bond

27
Q

What is the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsatured fats?

A

Monounsaturated –> one C=C double bond

Polyunsaturated –> two or more C=C doube bond

28
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

A glycerol bonded to three fatty acids

29
Q

What is the hydrophobic part of a phospholipid?

A

The fatty acid chains

30
Q

Are steroids water soluble?

A

No.

31
Q

What percent of organic material in the body is protein?

A

50%

32
Q

What are the subunit monomers of proteins, and what are they bound together by?

A

Amino acids; peptide bonds

33
Q

What groups are found on the N terminus and C terminus of an amino acid?

A

amino and carboxyl group respectively

34
Q

What are the purines?

A

A and G

35
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

C and T

36
Q

What are the main differences between RNA and DNA?

A
  • RNA is single stranded
  • RNA contains ribose rather than deoxyribose
  • Has uracil instead of thymine
37
Q

What are the two classes of cells?

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

38
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The region outside the nucleus including organelles

39
Q

What is Cytosol?

A

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm surrounding but not including the organelles

40
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

All the fluid inside a cell including inside all organelles and nucleus

41
Q

What is a genome?

A

The total genetic information coded in the DNA of a typical cell of an organism

42
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein

43
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23

44
Q

What are the packaging proteins that DNA coils round to form chromosomes called?

A

Histones

45
Q

What are clusters of DNA associated with histones called?

A

Nucleosomes

46
Q

What is the enzyme that uncoils DNA during transcription?

A

Helicase

47
Q

What is DNA transcription?

A

the creation of mRNA complimentary to a template strand of DNA

48
Q

What enzyme joins RNA nucleotides onto the mRNA strand during transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

49
Q

What are the 3 stages of protein translation?

A
  • Initiation
  • Strand Elongation
  • Termination

YR1 S1 Physiology (18 decks)

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