Chemical Changes Flashcards
Metal oxides are?
The product of the oxidation reaction of Metal and Oxygen.
Metal produces what form of ion?
Positive ions
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal.
How does Potassium react when exposed to water?
Violently
How does Sodium react when exposed to water?
Very Quickly
How does Lithium react when exposed to water?
Quickly
How does Calcium react when exposed to water?
More Slowly
How does Calcium react when exposed to dilute acid?
Very quickly
How does Magnesium react when exposed to dilute acid?
Quickly
How does Zinc react when exposed to dilute acid?
More slowly than magnesium
How does Iron react when exposed to dilute acid?
More slowly than zinc
How does Copper react when exposed to dilute acid?
Very slowly
How does Silver react when exposed to dilute acid?
Barely reacts
How does Gold react when exposed to dilute acid?
No reaction
How is the order of reactivity affected?
Via a metals tendency to form its positive ion.
Why are most metals found as compounds?
As most, unlike gold, are reactive enough to bond to other elements?
How are most metals less reactive than carbon extracted?
Reduction with Carbon
Oxidation in terms of electrons is?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
Reduction in terms of electrons is?
Reduction is the gain of electrons
What are the products of the reactants metal and an acid?
Metal Salt and hydrogen
How are acids neutralised?
Alkalis (soluble metal hydroxides) and basis (insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides).
In a neutralization reaction, what are the products?
Metal salt and Water
In a neutralization reaction which uses metal carbonates, what are the products?
Metal salts, water and carbon dioxide.
How can a soluble salt be produced?
Reacting an acid with a solid insoluble substance.
Solid salts are formed by?
Crystallization of a soluble salt
Acids form what form of ion in an aqueous solution?
H+ ions
Alkalis form what form of ion in an aqueous solution?
OH- ions
What is Alkalinity measured in.
pH 0-14, measured using Universal indicator
In a neutralisation reaction, what is formed?
Water, as OH- and H+ ions bond together
What is a measuring by titration?
The method by which one can work out neutralising quantities of Acids and Alkalis.
What is a strong acid?
An acid which completely ionis’.
Name some examples of strong acids?
Hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids.
What is a weak acid?
An acid which only partially ionis’.
Name some examples of weak acids?
Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids.
As pH decreases by one unit what happens?
The hydrogen ion concentration increases by a factor of 10
What is required in electrolysis?
Free ions which can pass through a solution.
A solution which has free ions and can conduct electricity is an?
Electrolyte
In electrolysis, the positive electrode is?
The anode
In electrolysis, the negative electrode is?
The cathode
What happens at the electrodes during electrolysis?
Ions are discharged forming elements.
What are the products of electrolysis of ionic compounds?
Metals at the cathode and
Non-metals at the anode.
When is electrolysis used in extracting metals?
When a metal is more reactive than carbon or reacts with carbon.
What are the products of electrolysis of aqueous soloutions?
At the cathode- Hydrogen is produced if the metal is more reactive.
At the anode- Oxygen is produced unless the solution contains a halogen.
