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Chemistry > Chemical changes > Flashcards

Chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

State the order of the reactivity series.

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold

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2
Q

Metal + Acid–>

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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3
Q

Metal + water–>

A

Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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4
Q

Which metals can react with water?

A

Metals more reactive than calcium

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5
Q

What is oxidation and reduction?

A

Oxidation- Loss of electrons
reduction- gain of electrons

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6
Q

Metal + oxygen–>

A

Metal oxide

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7
Q

How do we separate metals from metal oxides?

A

By reduction using carbon

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8
Q

Metal oxide + carbon–>

A

Metal + carbon dioxide, this only happens with metals less reactive than carbon

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9
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Electrolysis, very expensive

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10
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted?

A

Using carbon displacements

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11
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction where oxidation and reduction both happen

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12
Q

Metal + Acid–>

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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13
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

Acids + Alkalis

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14
Q

Metal oxide + Acids–>

A

Salt + Water

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15
Q

Metal hydroxide + Acid–>

A

Salt + Water

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16
Q

Metal carbonate + acid–>

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

17
Q

RP1: How do we make soluble salts?

A

Gently heat dilute acid with Bunsen burner, keep adding small amounts of insoluble base until it won’t dissolve, filter it out and then heat using water bath to get crystals.

18
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance it (1-14)

19
Q

What are indicators and pH probes used for?

A

detecting the pH of substances (probe= machine connected to pH meter)

20
Q

Define acid.

A

Any substance that dissociates H+ ion in aqueous solution with pH less than 7

21
Q

Define base.

A

Any substance with pH above 7

22
Q

Define Alkali

A

A base (pH above 7) that dissociates OH- ions in aqueous solution

23
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

Alkali is a type of base that dissociates OH- ions in aqueous solution

24
Q

What is the formula for neutralisation?

A

Acid + Base–> Salt + water

25
Q

Give 3 examples of acids and their formulas.

A

Hydrochloric- HCl
Sulfuric- H₂SO₄
Nitric- HNO₃

26
Q

Give 2 examples of bases and their formulas.

A

Sodium hydroxide- NaOH
Calcium carbonate- CaCO₃

27
Q

What is pH?

A

The concentration of H+ ions

28
Q

How do we know if an acid is strong?

A

If it dissociates H+ ions completely in water, an irreversible reaction

29
Q

How do we know if an acid is weak?

A

If it partially dissociates in water, producing a lower concentration of H+ ions.

30
Q

What is important to know about concentration and strength of an acid?

A

concentration does not equal strength

31
Q

Between each pH level, the number of H+ ions increase by…

A

x10 H+ ions

Chemistry (10 decks)

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