Chemical changes Flashcards
What is neutralisation?
The reaction between acids and bases
What do acids produce?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What do bases produce?
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
What is an alkali?
A base that can dissolve
What are examples of strong acids?
- H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
- HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
- HNO3 (Nitric acid)
Wat is the difference between strong acids and weak acids?
Strong acids fully ionise in solution and produces more H+. Weak acids partially ionise in solution and produce fewer H+
What are examples of weak acids?
- Citric acid
- Carbonic acid (fizzy drinks)
- Ethanoic acid (vinegar)
- (s)
- (l)
- (g)
- (aq)
What does this symbolise?
- solid
- liquid
- gas
- aqueous (dissolved in water)
What is the equation of acids reacting with metal oxide?
Acid + metal oxide ➔ salt + water
What is the equation of acids reacting with metal hydroxide?
Acid + metal hydroxide ➔ salt + water
What is the equation of acids reacting with metal carbonate?
Acid + metal carbonate ➔ salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the equation of acids reacting with metal carbonate?
Acid + metal ➔ salt + hydrogen
Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
- A salt
- Water
- Carbon dioxide
As the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution increases by a factor of 10, what happens to the pH?
The pH decreases by a unit of 1
What is the formula to calculate moles?
moles = concentration x volume
