Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

A bond between metals and non metals

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

A bond between non metals

Question 3

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 3

A bond between metals

Question 4

Why do atoms share electrons?

Answer 4

To gain a full outer shell

Question 5

Explain why Oxygen difluoride is a gas at room temperature?

Answer 5

Oxygen difluoride is a gas at room temperature because…
- It is a simple molecule
- It has weak intermolecular forces
- (so) little energy is required to break it

Question 6

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 6

The ions are not free to move

Question 7

What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

Answer 7

Lattice structure

Question 8

In which states can something conduct electricity?

Answer 8

In which states can something conduct electricity?

Question 9

Describe how the Magnesium atom and Oxygen atom forms magnesium oxide.

Answer 9

• The magnesium atom loses two electrons
• Each of two chlorine atoms gains one electron
• The magnesium ion has a +2 charge
• Each chloride ion has a -1 charge

Question 10

What are three examples of giant covalent structure and what can each be used for?

Answer 10

• Diamond => Jewellery
• Graphite => Pencil
• Silicone Dioxide => Sand

Question 11

What are two similar properties of Diamond and Silicone Dioxide?

Answer 11

• Very hard
• Not conductors

Question 12

What property is similar across diamond, graphite and silicone dioxide?

Answer 12

Very high melting points

Question 13

Why is graphite soft and slippery?

Answer 13

It has weak intermolecular forces between each layers and so they can slide over each other.

Question 14

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 14

IWhy can graphite conduct electricity?

Question 15

What type of force acts between the ions in an ionic compound?

Answer 15

(Strong) electrostatic force

Question 16

Which state are ionic compounds at room temperature?

Answer 16

Solid (s)

Question 17

What are three examples of fullerenes?

Answer 17

• Graphene
• Buckministerfullerene
• Nanotubes

Question 18

What is graphene and what is it used for?

Answer 18

• A layer of graphite made from carbon
• Used in electronics

Question 19

Which properties does graphene lose and keep from graphite?

Answer 19

• It loses the ability to slide
• It keeps the ability to conduct electricity

Question 20

What is buckministerfullerene made of? Write the formula.

Answer 20

Made of 60 carbon atoms (C_60)

Question 21

What is buckministerfullerene used for?

Answer 21

Drug delivery (by doctors)

Question 22

What is the structure of a buckministerfullerene?

Answer 22

A hollow, spherical shape

Question 23

State four properties of nanotubes.

Answer 23

• Made of carbon
• Conducts electricity (has free electrons)
• Has high tensile strength
• Has high length : diameter (long & thin) /
  surface area : volume ratio

Question 24

What can nanoparticles be used for?

Answer 24

• drug delivery
• electronics
• sun cream
• catalyst

Question 25

Why are nanoparticles cost effective (cheap)?

Answer 25

Less are required to do its job

Question 26

Why can metals conduct heat?

Answer 26

Free electrons move throughout the structure

Question 27

What state is a metal at room temperature?

Answer 27

Solid (s)

Question 28

What are the fomulae for…

• Hydroxide
• Sulphate
• Nitrate
• Carbonate
• Ammonium

Answer 28

• OH-
• SO4^2-
• NO3^-
• CO3^2-
• NH4^+