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Chemistry > Chemical changes > Flashcards

Chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different pH’s?

A

pH 7- neutral
pH0-6- acid
pH 8-14- alkalis

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2
Q

How can you measure the pH of a solution?

A
  • using an indicator
  • using a pH probe attached to a pH meter- place it in solution and it will give you a numerical value
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3
Q

What is an acid?

A

a substance that forms aqueous solutions with a pH of less than 7 and forms H+ ions

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4
Q

What is a base?

A

a substance with a pH greater than 7

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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A

a base that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7 and form OH- ions in water

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6
Q

What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

A

neutralisation

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7
Q

What is the word equation for neutralisation?

A

acid+base–> salt+water

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8
Q

What is titration used for?

A

allow you to find out exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali

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9
Q

Describe the process of titration

A
  1. use a pipette to add a set volume of alkali to a conical flask and add 2-3 drops of indicator
  2. use a funnel to fill a burette with some acid of known concentration- do this below eye level incase acid spills over and record the initial volume of acid
  3. add the acid to the alkali a bit at a time swirling flask in between
  4. the indicator changes colour when all the alkali has been neutralised
  5. record the final volume of acid in burette and calculate volume of acid used to neutralise the alkali
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10
Q

How do you increase the accuracy of your titration?

A
  • first do a rough titration
  • repeat the whole thing several times to check if you are getting consistent results
  • calculate the mean of your results
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11
Q

What are some single indicators and what colours are they in acids and alkalis?

A
  • litmus (blue in alkalis and red in acids)
  • phenolphthalein (pink in alkalis and colourless in acids)
  • methyl orange (yellow in alkalis and red in acids)
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12
Q

What is meant by a strong acid?

A

when an acid ionises completely in water and all acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

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13
Q

What are some examples of strong acids?

A
  • sulfuric acid
  • hydrochloric acid
  • nitric acid
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14
Q

What is meant by a weak acid?

A

an acid that does not fully ionise in solution and only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

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15
Q

What are some examples of weak acids?

A
  • ethanoic acid
  • citric acid
  • carbonic acid
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16
Q

What is the concentration of an acid?

A

measures how much acid there is in a certain volume of water

17
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magensium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper

18
Q
A

Chemistry (7 decks)

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