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Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are alkalis?

A

soluble bases

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2
Q

which pH is most acidic?

A

0 or 1

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3
Q

which pH is most alkali?

A

13 or 14

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4
Q

which pH is neutral?

A

7

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5
Q

which ions do acids produce?

A

H+ ions in water

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6
Q

which ions do alkalis produce?

A

OH- ions in water

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7
Q

what are 2 ways to measure pH?

A

1: universal indicator - a wide range indicator that changes colour depending on the pH. It gives an approximate pH value
2: pH probe - gives an accurate value of the pH

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8
Q

what is the neutralisation reaction?

A

acid + base > salt + water

H+ + OH- > H2O

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9
Q

what are titrations?

A

used to find the exact volume of acid needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali (or vice versa). the results can be used to calculate the acid or alkali concentration.

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10
Q

what is the metal carbonate reaction?

A

acid + metal carbonate > salt + water + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

what is the metal oxide reaction?

A

acid + metal oxide > salt + water

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12
Q

what is the metal hydroxide reaction?

A

acide + metal hydroxide > salt + water

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13
Q

how are soluble salts made?

A

by adding metals or insoluble metal compounds to acids. The excess solid is filtered off and the remaining salt solution is crystallised.

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14
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

an acid that completely ionises (dissociates) in water to produce hydrogen ions
- hydrochloric acid
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid

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15
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

an aci that partially ionises (dissociates) in water to produce hydrogen ions
- ethanoic acid
- citric acid
- carbonic acid

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16
Q

what is pH?

A

a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

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17
Q

what happens when the pH of a solution changes by X?

A

the H+ ion concentration chages by a factor of 10^-x

18
Q

what is acid strength?

A

a measure of the proportion of acid molecules that ionise in water

19
Q

what is acid concentration?

A

a measure of the number of acid molecules in a certain volume of water

20
Q

which metals of the reactivity series can be exracted from molten compounds using electrolysis (top 5)?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium

21
Q

what comes after the electrolysis 5?

A

carbon

22
Q

which 3 can be extracted from their oxides by reduction using carbon?

A

Zinc
Iron
(Hydrogen)
Copper

23
Q

what is the metal + oxygen reaction?

A

metal + oxygen > metal oxide

24
Q

what is the metal + acid reaction?

A

metal + acid > salt + hydrogen

25
Q

what is the metal + water reaction?

A

metal + water > metal hydroxide + hydrogen

26
Q

which elements have an explosive reaction to cold, dilute acid AND a reaction to water?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium

27
Q

which elements have a moderate reaction to cold, dilute acid BUT no reaction to water?

A

Magnesium
Zinc
Iron

28
Q

which element has no reaction to either cold, dilute acid OR water?

A

copper

29
Q

what is a displacement reaction?

A

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive metal from its compound

30
Q

what is oxidation?

A

gain of oxygen
loss of electrons

31
Q

what is reduction?

A

gain of electrons
loss of oxygen

32
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

where one substance in a reaction is reduced and another is oxidised

33
Q

Fe + CuSO4 > FeSO4 + Cu; which is the oxidation and which is the reduction?

A

Fe loses 2 electrons to become Fe2+ + 2e- so it’s oxidised
Cu2+ gains 2 electrons to become Cu so it’s reduced

34
Q

what are ionic equations?

A

they only show the particles that react and the products they form

35
Q

what is the ionic equation of magnesium + aqueous zinc chloride > aqueous magnesium chloride + zinc?

A

Mg + Zn2+ > Mg2+ + Zn

36
Q

what would we call the chloride ions?

A

spectator ions

37
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

a liquid or solution that can conduct electricity because ions are free to move

38
Q

what happens to the positive metal ions (Pb2+)?

A

they move towards the cathode and are reduced
Pb2+ + 2e- > Pb

39
Q

what happens to the negative non-metal ions (Br-)?

A

they move towards the anode and are oxidised
2Br- > Br2 + 2e-

40
Q

what happenes in the electrolysis of aqueous CuSO4?

A

metal produced at the cahtode if it is less reactive than H2
O2 and H2O are produced at anode if no halide ions are present

41
Q

what happens in the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl?

A

H2 produced at the cathode if metal is more reactive than H2
Halogen produced at the anode if halide ions are present

Chemistry (11 decks)

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