Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chemical Changes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are alkalis?

A

soluble bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which pH is most acidic?

A

0 or 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which pH is most alkali?

A

13 or 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which pH is neutral?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which ions do acids produce?

A

H+ ions in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which ions do alkalis produce?

A

OH- ions in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 2 ways to measure pH?

A

1: universal indicator - a wide range indicator that changes colour depending on the pH. It gives an approximate pH value
2: pH probe - gives an accurate value of the pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the neutralisation reaction?

A

acid + base > salt + water

H+ + OH- > H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are titrations?

A

used to find the exact volume of acid needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali (or vice versa). the results can be used to calculate the acid or alkali concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the metal carbonate reaction?

A

acid + metal carbonate > salt + water + carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the metal oxide reaction?

A

acid + metal oxide > salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the metal hydroxide reaction?

A

acide + metal hydroxide > salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are soluble salts made?

A

by adding metals or insoluble metal compounds to acids. The excess solid is filtered off and the remaining salt solution is crystallised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

an acid that completely ionises (dissociates) in water to produce hydrogen ions
- hydrochloric acid
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

an aci that partially ionises (dissociates) in water to produce hydrogen ions
- ethanoic acid
- citric acid
- carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is pH?

A

a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens when the pH of a solution changes by X?

A

the H+ ion concentration chages by a factor of 10^-x

18
Q

what is acid strength?

A

a measure of the proportion of acid molecules that ionise in water

19
Q

what is acid concentration?

A

a measure of the number of acid molecules in a certain volume of water

20
Q

which metals of the reactivity series can be exracted from molten compounds using electrolysis (top 5)?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium

21
Q

what comes after the electrolysis 5?

A

carbon

22
Q

which 3 can be extracted from their oxides by reduction using carbon?

A

Zinc
Iron
(Hydrogen)
Copper

23
Q

what is the metal + oxygen reaction?

A

metal + oxygen > metal oxide

24
Q

what is the metal + acid reaction?

A

metal + acid > salt + hydrogen

25
Q

what is the metal + water reaction?

A

metal + water > metal hydroxide + hydrogen

26
Q

which elements have an explosive reaction to cold, dilute acid AND a reaction to water?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium

27
Q

which elements have a moderate reaction to cold, dilute acid BUT no reaction to water?

A

Magnesium
Zinc
Iron

28
Q

which element has no reaction to either cold, dilute acid OR water?

A

copper

29
Q

what is a displacement reaction?

A

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive metal from its compound

30
Q

what is oxidation?

A

gain of oxygen
loss of electrons

31
Q

what is reduction?

A

gain of electrons
loss of oxygen

32
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

where one substance in a reaction is reduced and another is oxidised

33
Q

Fe + CuSO4 > FeSO4 + Cu; which is the oxidation and which is the reduction?

A

Fe loses 2 electrons to become Fe2+ + 2e- so it’s oxidised
Cu2+ gains 2 electrons to become Cu so it’s reduced

34
Q

what are ionic equations?

A

they only show the particles that react and the products they form

35
Q

what is the ionic equation of magnesium + aqueous zinc chloride > aqueous magnesium chloride + zinc?

A

Mg + Zn2+ > Mg2+ + Zn

36
Q

what would we call the chloride ions?

A

spectator ions

37
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

a liquid or solution that can conduct electricity because ions are free to move

38
Q

what happens to the positive metal ions (Pb2+)?

A

they move towards the cathode and are reduced
Pb2+ + 2e- > Pb

39
Q

what happens to the negative non-metal ions (Br-)?

A

they move towards the anode and are oxidised
2Br- > Br2 + 2e-

40
Q

what happenes in the electrolysis of aqueous CuSO4?

A

metal produced at the cahtode if it is less reactive than H2
O2 and H2O are produced at anode if no halide ions are present

41
Q

what happens in the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl?

A

H2 produced at the cathode if metal is more reactive than H2
Halogen produced at the anode if halide ions are present

Chemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions