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chemistry paper 1 > chemical changes > Flashcards

chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what does litmus form in acidic solutions

A

red

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2
Q

what does litmus paper form in neutral solutions

A

purple

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3
Q

what does litmus paper form in alkaline solution

A

blue

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4
Q

what does methyl orange form in acidic solutions

A

red

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5
Q

what does methyl orange form in neutral solutions

A

yellow

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6
Q

what does methyl orange form in alkaline solutions

A

yellow

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7
Q

what does phenolphthalein form in acidic and neutral solution

A

colourless

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8
Q

what does phenolphthalein form in alkaline solutions

A

pink

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9
Q

what are strong acids

A

they ionise(dissociate) completely in water to release H+ ions

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10
Q

what are weak acids

A

they dont dissociate completely in water to release H+ ions

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11
Q

what impact does the amount of H+ ions have on the pH of the acid

A

if the concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10, the pH decreases by 1.

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12
Q

are common salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

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13
Q

are nitrates soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

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14
Q

are common chlorides soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

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15
Q

what are the only chlorides that are insoluble

A

silver and lead chloride

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16
Q

are common sulfates soluble or insoluble

A

soluble

17
Q

what are the only sulfates that are insoluble

A

lead , barium and calcium sulfate

18
Q

are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble

A

insoluble

19
Q

what are the only carbonates and hydroxides that are soluble

A

sodium, potassium and ammonium ones

20
Q

what is electrolysis

A

this is the separation of substances using electricity.

21
Q

which electrode do the cations go to

A

cathode

22
Q

which electrode do the anions go to

A

anode

23
Q

what should the electrolyte be to make sure electrolysis occurs

A

it should be a solution or molten

24
Q

in electrolysis, what substance goes to the cathode

A

metal

25
Q

in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what substances go to the cathode

A

H+ ions and metal ions

26
Q

in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what substances go to the anode

A

OH- and halide ions

27
Q

what can form at the cathode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution

A

-hydrogen gas forms if metal is more reactive than hydrogen
-solid layer of pure metal will form if it is less reactive than hydrogen

28
Q

what can form at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution

A

if halide is present, molecules of halide will be formed. if no halide is present, oxygen will be formed

chemistry paper 1 (5 decks)

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