chemical changes Flashcards
what does litmus form in acidic solutions
red
what does litmus paper form in neutral solutions
purple
what does litmus paper form in alkaline solution
blue
what does methyl orange form in acidic solutions
red
what does methyl orange form in neutral solutions
yellow
what does methyl orange form in alkaline solutions
yellow
what does phenolphthalein form in acidic and neutral solution
colourless
what does phenolphthalein form in alkaline solutions
pink
what are strong acids
they ionise(dissociate) completely in water to release H+ ions
what are weak acids
they dont dissociate completely in water to release H+ ions
what impact does the amount of H+ ions have on the pH of the acid
if the concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10, the pH decreases by 1.
are common salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium soluble or insoluble
soluble
are nitrates soluble or insoluble
soluble
are common chlorides soluble or insoluble
soluble
what are the only chlorides that are insoluble
silver and lead chloride
are common sulfates soluble or insoluble
soluble
what are the only sulfates that are insoluble
lead , barium and calcium sulfate
are common carbonates and hydroxides soluble or insoluble
insoluble
what are the only carbonates and hydroxides that are soluble
sodium, potassium and ammonium ones
what is electrolysis
this is the separation of substances using electricity.
which electrode do the cations go to
cathode
which electrode do the anions go to
anode
what should the electrolyte be to make sure electrolysis occurs
it should be a solution or molten
in electrolysis, what substance goes to the cathode
metal
in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what substances go to the cathode
H+ ions and metal ions
in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what substances go to the anode
OH- and halide ions
what can form at the cathode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution
-hydrogen gas forms if metal is more reactive than hydrogen
-solid layer of pure metal will form if it is less reactive than hydrogen
what can form at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution
if halide is present, molecules of halide will be formed. if no halide is present, oxygen will be formed
