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chemistry: paper 1 > chemical changes > Flashcards

chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a titration

A

used to find unknown concentration of an acid or alkali

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2
Q

equipment needed for titration

A

pipette
conical flask
burette
white tile

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3
Q

titration practical
-use a …… to add ….. cm^3 of ……. to a clean ……. …… .
-add few drops of …. and put …… ….. on a ….. …..
-fill …… with ……. ….. and note starting volume
-slowly add the …. from the ….. to the …. in the …… ….., swirling to mix
-stop adding the ….. when the ….. changes color (when neutralised)
-note final reading, and calculate total volume of …. added.
-repeat until you get results that are 0.1 cm^3 of each other, then calculate mean

A

-pipette, 25, alkali, conical flask
-indicator, conical flask, white tile
-burette, sulfuric acid
-acid, burette, alkali, conical flask
-acid, indicator
-acid

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4
Q

name an indicator to use in titrations

A

-methyl orange
-litmus
-phenolphthalein

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5
Q

what is meniscus

A

the curve of a liquid when it touches a material

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6
Q

convert cm to dm

A

/ by 1000

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7
Q

how to calculate no. of moles

A

concentration x volume

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8
Q

how to calc concentration

A

no. of moles/volume

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9
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

a reaction where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time

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10
Q

why use a pipette and why use a burette

A

pipette measures a fixed volume
(accurately)
(but) burette measures variable
volume

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11
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

liquid or solution containing an ionic compound (ions are free to move)

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12
Q

the right electrode is
the left electrode is

A

the left electrode is cathode -
the right electrode is anode +

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13
Q

what does it mean when an ion gets discharged at an electrode

A

the atom goes from a charged ion to a neutral atom

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14
Q

electrolysis is a process where

A

you can separate ionic compounds into their pure elements by passing an electric current through an electrolyte

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15
Q

how to turn an aluminum oxide ore into molten aluminum oxide

A
  • purify the ore
  • mix with mineral cryolite (this lowers melting point)
  • melt
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16
Q

ionic equation for water

A

H^+ + OH^-

17
Q

which ion in an aqueous solution of electrolysis will get discharged on a cathode

A

the least reactive element

18
Q

which ion in an aqueous solution of electrolysis will get discharged on an anode

A
  • if a halide is present (group 7) then that will be the one to get discharged
  • else the hydroxide ion gets discharged
19
Q

Why do electrodes need to be constantly replaced

A

because o2 is formed which reacts with the C of the electrode forming co2 and gradually burns away

20
Q

an acid is a substance that forms

A

aqueous solutions of pH less than 7
because they ionise, to release H+ ions

21
Q

what is a strong acid

A

-an acid that ionises completely
-the reactants turn completely into products

22
Q

what is a weak acid

A

don’t fully ionise to release hydrogen ions
-ionisation of a weak acid is reversible

23
Q

what do metal hydroxides and oxide form when reacting w/ an acid

A

salt + water

24
Q

what do metal carbonates form when reacting with an acid

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

24
Q

what do metal carbonates form when reacting with an acid

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

25
Q

how to form a soluble salt using an acid and insoluble base

A
  • put dilute acid in a beaker and gently heat w/ bunsen burner
  • add to the insoluble base until it doesn’t dissolve
  • the base is an excess and acid is now neutralized
  • filter out the excess base
  • heat solution to the evaporate some water
  • when crystal start forming leave it to cool
  • filter and dry the crystals
26
Q

To work out the formula of the salt,

A

take +ve ion from base, such as sodium from sodium oxide (Na2O), and -ve ion from acid, such as chloride from hydrochloric acid (HCl), and combine together

chemistry: paper 1 (6 decks)

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