atomic structure

Question 1

difference between alkali metals (group 1) and transition metals

Answer 1

trans metals are denser and stronger
have higher melting points
alkali have higher atomic volumes
trans have higher masses

Question 2

what type of metal is copper?

Answer 2

a trans metal

Question 3

describe difference in reactivity (ions) between metals and non-metals

Answer 3

metals react to form positive ions
non reacts to form negative ions

Question 4

is lithium or potassium more reactive
explain

Answer 4

potassium
-as u go down the group more reactive
-outer shell more far away,
-less attracted to nucleus
-therefore easier to lose outer electron

Question 5

how is periodic table diff to mendeleev one

Answer 5

arranged in proton number not atomic weight

Question 6

how did mendeleev keep his periodic table up for adaptation

Answer 6

he left gaps for undiscovered/ predicted properties

Question 7

explain the process of fractional distillation to separate a mixture of the liquids methanol, ethanol and propanol

Answer 7

Heat is applied and the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates and condenses into a beaker.
If other liquids evaporate by chance, they condense in the fractionating column back into the flask.
The temperature is altered to repeat the process for the second liquid.
The three liquids are separated based on differing boiling points with the third remaining in the flask.

Question 8

substances that can react with an acid to form a soluble salt

Answer 8

-metal
-metal oxide
-metal hydroxide
-metal carbonate

Question 9

Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a metal oxide and a dilute acid.

Answer 9

• use magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid
• add sulfuric acid to a beaker
• warm sulfuric acid
• add magnesium oxide
• stir
• add til magnesium oxide in excess
• filter
• using a filter paper and funnel
• to remove excess magnesium oxide
• heat solution in an evaporating basin
• to crystallisation point
• leave to crystallise
• pat dry with filter paper

Question 10

what was atomic theory

Answer 10

the idea that everything is made up of tiny particles that can’t be split up anymore, separated by empty space - democritus

Question 11

desc history of the atom

Answer 11

JOHN DALTON
-suggested diff types of sphere make diff elements
JJ THOMPSON 1897
-experiments concluded atoms not solid sphere, measurements of mass and charge showed ball of positive charge w/ electrons stuck in it
RUTHERFORD 1909
-alpha scattering, too deflected, so came up with most mass concentrated in the middle ( +ve nucleus) with cloud of electrons
BOHR
-scientists realised cloud of electrons would collapse, BOHR suggested electrons orbit in fixed shells
CHADWICK
-proved existence of neutrons

Question 12

differences betw iron (trans metal) and sodium (gr 1)

Answer 12

• iron has a high(er) melting / boiling point
• iron is dense(r)
• iron is hard(er)
• iron is strong(er)
• iron is less reactive
• iron has ions with different charges
• iron forms coloured compounds
• iron can be a catalyst

Question 13

Explain the trend in boiling points of the halogens

Answer 13

(b.p) increases down the table

(because) the size of the molecule increases

(so) the intermolecular forces increase (in strength)

more energy is needed to overcome the intermolecular forces

Question 14

boiling point is a ….
(property)

Answer 14

…bulk property