Chemical Bonding + Naming

Question 1

moving ____ conducts electricity

Answer 1

charge

Question 2

all covalent substances are made of full molecules that are neutral and have no full change. therefore, they _____ conduct electricity

Answer 2

do not

Question 3

what is moving around in a solid piece of metal

Answer 3

electrons

Question 4

ionic, covalent, or metallic: C and O

Answer 4

covalent

Question 5

ionic, covalent, or metallic: K and N

Answer 5

ionic

Question 6

ionic, covalent, or metallic: H and F

Answer 6

covalent

Question 6

ionic, covalent, or metallic: Cu and Zn

Answer 6

metallic

Question 7

a C-O bold is a polar bond because its electronegativity is ____. The ____ atom attracts electrons more strongly. Thus, one _____ write in partial charges. The electrons are shared _______ between the C and O atoms

Answer 7

1.0
oxygen
should
unequally

Question 8

in covalent substances, electrons are shared between atoms. why is it favorable for non-metal atoms to share electrons when they react to form covalent substances

Answer 8

non-metals have high electronegativities, thus they want to gain electrons. Because both atoms are gaining electrons, they must share between the two to keep their shell of 8 valence electrons

Question 9

a Br-Br nonf is a nonpolar bond because its electronegativity is ________.

Answer 9

equal/0

Question 9

describe the structure of MgO

Answer 9

MgO is an ionic bond between a metal and a nonmetal. the Mg+2 and the 0-2 ions are stuck in the crystal lattice. No charges (ions) move.

Question 10

what is the moving charge in an ionic bond

Answer 10

ions

Question 11

why is MgO brittle

Answer 11

because it’s a metalloid

Question 12

explain why MgO solid does not conduct electricity

Answer 12

because its ions are not moving because they are packed tightly together in a crystal lattice.

Question 13

why does melted MgO conduct electricity

Answer 13

because its ions are able to move around because they are not tightly packed into a crystal lattice and moving charges conduct electricity

Question 14

describe the structure of sodium metal. then explain why its malleable and conducts electricity

Answer 14

sodium metal is a metallic bond that contains only positively charged ions attracted through the sea of electrons. Because the ions are attracted to these electrons rather than directly to each other, they will not repel when placed next to each other despite their similar charge.
- metal ions are arranged in a crystal lattice with a sea of electrons
- the substance is malleable because the cations can move, and sea of electrons can move

Question 15

why do nonmetals form covalent bonds with each other rather than ionic bonds

Answer 15

high electronegativity, they want electrons, so they share rather than transfer

Question 16

explain our model for metals which accounts for why metals conduct electricity

Answer 16

not strongly attracted to any atom (low IE + EN), moving charges conduct electricity

Question 17

describe sp3 hybridization

Answer 17

4 sp3 hybrid orbitals
tetrahedral
109.5 degrees
S orbital moves up, 3 P orbitals move down

Question 18

describe sp2 hybridization

Answer 18

3 sp2 orbitals
1 p orbital
trigonal planar
120 degrees
1 S orbital moves up, 2 P orbitals move down, 2 P orbital stays

Question 19

describe sp hybridization

Answer 19

2 sp orbitals
2 p orbitals
linear
180 degrees
1 s orbital moves up, 1 p orbital moves down, 2 p orbitals stay