Chemical Bonding II

Question 1

What is hybridization?

Answer 1

mixing types of orbitals in the valence shell to make a new set of degenerate orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2)

Question 2

What is a sp3 hybridized atom?

Answer 2

atom with four electron groups around it, tetrahedral geometry, 109.5 angles between hybrid orbitals
hybrids used for all bonds and lone pairs

Question 3

What is an sp2 hybridized atom?

Answer 3

3 electron groups around it, trigonal planar, 120 bond angles
atom uses hybrid orbitals for sigma bond anf uses nonhhybridized p orbital for pi bond

Question 4

What is sp hybridization?

Answer 4

atom with 2 electron groups, linear shape, 180 bond angles
uses hybrid orbitals for sigma bonds and uses nonhybridized p orbitals for pi bonds

Question 5

What is sp3d hybridization?

Answer 5

five electron groups around it, trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry (seesaw, t-shaped, linear
120 and 90 bond angles

Question 6

What is sp3d2 hybridization?

Answer 6

6 electron groups around it
octahedral (square pyramidal, square planar)
90 bond angles

Question 7

What is the equation for bond order in molecular orbital theory?

Answer 7

1/2 (bonding - antibonding)
positivie = stable

Question 8

When are 2s orbitals higher energy levels that 2p orbitals? MO theory homonuclear dynamics

Answer 8

between Li through N

Question 9

For heteronuclear dynamics where energy is not identical which orbitals contribute more?

Answer 9

those closest in energy to atom