Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Define an Intramolecular bond.
An intramolecular bond is defined as a bond occurring between atoms within molecules.
Define electronegativity.
Electronegativity is defined as the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
Define the term ‘covalent bond’
A covalent bond is defined as the sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms.
Define the term ‘non polar covalent (or pure covalent) bond’
A pure covalent (non polar covalent) bond is an equal sharing of electrons by two atoms.
Define the term ‘polar covalent bond’
Polar covalent bond is defined as the unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of the electronegativity difference).
A zero difference in electronegativity indicates a ______________ covalent bond between atoms.
Non-polar (pure)
A non-zero difference in electronegativity indicates a __________ covalent bond between atoms.
Polar
Define the term ‘ionic bond’
An Ionic bond is defined as a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction. (Generally between metals and non-metals/polyatomic ions)
Define metallic bonding.
Metallic bonding is the bond that exists between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons.
Define intermolecular force.
Intermolecular force is defined as a weak force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of noble gases.
Name the two types of Van Der Waals forces.
Dipole - dipole forces
London forces
Name the two types of intermolecular forces.
Van der Waals forces and Hydrogen bonding.
How is melting point affected by various intermolecular forces?
Melting point – the greater the intermolecular forces, the higher the melting point. As intermolecular forces increase, more energy is required to release the molecules from these forces.
How would viscosity be impacted by the various intermolecular forces?
Viscosity – the greater intermolecular force, the greater the viscosity. This is because the stronger the molecules are held together, the more “syrupy” the structure becomes.
How would vapor pressure be impacted by the various intermolecular forces?
Vapour pressure - the greater intermolecular forces between molecules, the lower the vapour pressure. The higher the intermolecular forces, the harder it is for the molecule to change phases and so there would be less vapour and thus decreased vapour pressure.
