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1A Physical Science > Chemical Bonding > Flashcards

Chemical Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

difference between atom and ion

A

atom is neutrally charged because there is an equal amount of protons and neutrons. ions are electrically charged particles. Ions are produced by either: losing electrons from an atom which creates a positive ion; or an atom gaining electrons to create a negative ion.

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2
Q

when an ion is formed ___

A

the number of protons doesn’t change

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3
Q

which electrons are involved in chemical bonding

A

valence electrons

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4
Q

why do some atoms not want to gain or lose electrons

A

they are already stable

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5
Q

ions

A

atoms or a group of atoms that are either positively or negatively charged as the result of losing or gaining electrons

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6
Q

octet rule

A

the rule states that atoms have the tendency to want to obtain 8 valance electrons

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7
Q

atoms can either gain or lose electrons through

A

chemical bonding to satisfy the octet rule

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8
Q

polyatomic ions

A

ions that are made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together

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9
Q

oxidation numbers

A

indicates the number of electrons an atom wants to either gain or lose to become stable

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10
Q

the amount of electrons that the atom gains or loses is the

A

oxidation number

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11
Q

ionic bonding

A

a bond produced when atoms of one element transfer electrons to the atoms of another element

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12
Q

oppositely charged forces

A

attract each other

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13
Q

an ionic bond is classified as a bond between

A

a metal and a non-metal

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14
Q

the combination of ions form a

A

compound

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15
Q

compound

A

a substance that is made up of 2 or more elements, and can be broken down

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16
Q

molecule

A

a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together

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17
Q

a molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that

A

has all the chemical properties of that substance

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18
Q

charge is based on the

A

number of protons vs electrons

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19
Q

a chemical formula is used to represent

A

a compound using element symbols to represent the elements and subscripts for the number of atoms present

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20
Q

subscripts show

A

amount of atoms

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21
Q

the subscript __ is never written

A

one

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22
Q

subscripts are important because

A

they make the distinction between substances with common elements

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23
Q

if anion is made up of more than one atom its a

A

polyatomic ion

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24
Q

covalent bonding

A

a bond produced when 2 atoms share electrons

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25
Q

when individual elements are bonding a covalent bond is classified as

A

a bond between two non metals

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26
Q

something is an ionic bond if

A
  1. it is a metal bonding to a non metal. 2. if one of the elements bonding wants to lose electrons. 3. if there is a polyatomic ion involved
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27
Q

something is a covalent bond if

A
  1. its two nonmetals bonding 2. both elements want to gain electrons 3. if hydrogen or carbon are involved in the bond
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28
Q

diatomic molecules

A

molecules composed of only 2 atoms

29
Q

covalent bonds made up of

A

made up of 2 non metals

30
Q

ionic bonds made up of

A

non metal and metal

31
Q

contains a polyatomic ion is then

A

ionic bond

32
Q

covalent bonding

A

a bond produced when 2 atoms share electrons

33
Q

3 things to an ionic bond

A

metal bonded to non metal, one wants to lose electrons, polyatomic ion involved

34
Q

3 things to a covalent bond

A

nonmetal bonded to non metal, both want to gain electrons, if hydrogen or carbon is involved

35
Q

diatomic molecule saying

A

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36
Q

if theres a prefix in the name its..

A

a covalent chemical

37
Q

what do the 2 parts of a covalent chemical tell

A

1st part of the name tells the element & prefix in front tells how many atoms of that element (for both)

38
Q

diatomic elements dont have

A

prefixes, just names

39
Q

if the chemical is ionic the first & second part tells

A

the element and the second part of the name tells the element or the polyatomic ion

40
Q

if there is no prefix in the name and the name is of a metal element..

A

it is just the symbol of the element

41
Q

prefixes tell

A

how many atoms of that element are present

42
Q

metal bonded to a non metal is what bond

A

ionic

43
Q

non metal bonded to another non metal is what bond

A

covalent

44
Q

polyatomic ion involved is what type of bond

A

ionic

45
Q

ionic drawing

A

draw to using arrows

46
Q

covalent drawing

A

connected to each

47
Q

you need the charges on the drawing if

A

it is ionic

48
Q

after drawing check

A

the formula and see if it works out

49
Q

what specific sub atomic particles are involved in chemical bonding

A

electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

50
Q

what happens to change an atom into an ion

A

an atom must lose or gain electrons. If an atom loses electrons, there are more protons which results in a positive charge. Vice versa

51
Q

covalent prefixes

A

tell how many

52
Q

ionic you can

A

criss cross

53
Q

more than 1 polyatomic ion use

A

parentheses

54
Q

always draw arrows away from

A

positive ion

55
Q

what charge do they obtain when losing their electrons

A

positively charged ion or cation

56
Q

if an atom gains electrons in order to become stable what charge does it obtain

A

negatively charged ion or anion

57
Q

ionic bond definition

A

a chemical bond formed between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion

58
Q

covalent bond definiton

A

chemical bond that involves sharing of electron pairs

59
Q

Characteristics of covalent compounds

A

dont conduct electricity when dissolved, low melting point, does not dissolve in water

60
Q

Characteristics of ionic compounds

A

conducts electricity when dissolved, high melting point, does dissolve in water

61
Q

how do elements combine to form covalent bonds

A

both of the elements bonding together want to become stable. Results of this there can not be a transfer of electrons of an ionic bond. Atoms will share electrons

62
Q

atoms will ____ electrons in a covalent bond

A

share

63
Q

atoms will ____ electrons in an ionic bond

A

transfer

64
Q

explain how elements combine to form compounds through ionic bonding

A

they become a substance that is made from 2+ elements

65
Q

to figure out oxidation number from a chemical formula

A

un cross the elements oxidation #. make sure to use + or -. or opposite of negative or positive charge

66
Q

explain how elements combine to form molecules through covalent bonding

A

they share an electron to fufill the octet rule

67
Q

covalent bonding of elements form

A

molecules

68
Q

ionic bonding of elements form

A

compounds

69
Q

always put the oxidation number for what type of drawing

A

ionic

1A Physical Science (4 decks)

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