Chemical Bonding Flashcards
difference between atom and ion
atom is neutrally charged because there is an equal amount of protons and neutrons. ions are electrically charged particles. Ions are produced by either: losing electrons from an atom which creates a positive ion; or an atom gaining electrons to create a negative ion.
when an ion is formed ___
the number of protons doesn’t change
which electrons are involved in chemical bonding
valence electrons
why do some atoms not want to gain or lose electrons
they are already stable
ions
atoms or a group of atoms that are either positively or negatively charged as the result of losing or gaining electrons
octet rule
the rule states that atoms have the tendency to want to obtain 8 valance electrons
atoms can either gain or lose electrons through
chemical bonding to satisfy the octet rule
polyatomic ions
ions that are made up of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
oxidation numbers
indicates the number of electrons an atom wants to either gain or lose to become stable
the amount of electrons that the atom gains or loses is the
oxidation number
ionic bonding
a bond produced when atoms of one element transfer electrons to the atoms of another element
oppositely charged forces
attract each other
an ionic bond is classified as a bond between
a metal and a non-metal
the combination of ions form a
compound
compound
a substance that is made up of 2 or more elements, and can be broken down
molecule
a group of 2 or more atoms bonded together
a molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that
has all the chemical properties of that substance
charge is based on the
number of protons vs electrons
a chemical formula is used to represent
a compound using element symbols to represent the elements and subscripts for the number of atoms present
subscripts show
amount of atoms
the subscript __ is never written
one
subscripts are important because
they make the distinction between substances with common elements
if anion is made up of more than one atom its a
polyatomic ion
covalent bonding
a bond produced when 2 atoms share electrons
when individual elements are bonding a covalent bond is classified as
a bond between two non metals
something is an ionic bond if
- it is a metal bonding to a non metal. 2. if one of the elements bonding wants to lose electrons. 3. if there is a polyatomic ion involved
something is a covalent bond if
- its two nonmetals bonding 2. both elements want to gain electrons 3. if hydrogen or carbon are involved in the bond
diatomic molecules
molecules composed of only 2 atoms
covalent bonds made up of
made up of 2 non metals
ionic bonds made up of
non metal and metal
contains a polyatomic ion is then
ionic bond
covalent bonding
a bond produced when 2 atoms share electrons
3 things to an ionic bond
metal bonded to non metal, one wants to lose electrons, polyatomic ion involved
3 things to a covalent bond
nonmetal bonded to non metal, both want to gain electrons, if hydrogen or carbon is involved
diatomic molecule saying
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if theres a prefix in the name its..
a covalent chemical
what do the 2 parts of a covalent chemical tell
1st part of the name tells the element & prefix in front tells how many atoms of that element (for both)
diatomic elements dont have
prefixes, just names
if the chemical is ionic the first & second part tells
the element and the second part of the name tells the element or the polyatomic ion
if there is no prefix in the name and the name is of a metal element..
it is just the symbol of the element
prefixes tell
how many atoms of that element are present
metal bonded to a non metal is what bond
ionic
non metal bonded to another non metal is what bond
covalent
polyatomic ion involved is what type of bond
ionic
ionic drawing
draw to using arrows
covalent drawing
connected to each
you need the charges on the drawing if
it is ionic
after drawing check
the formula and see if it works out
what specific sub atomic particles are involved in chemical bonding
electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
what happens to change an atom into an ion
an atom must lose or gain electrons. If an atom loses electrons, there are more protons which results in a positive charge. Vice versa
covalent prefixes
tell how many
ionic you can
criss cross
more than 1 polyatomic ion use
parentheses
always draw arrows away from
positive ion
what charge do they obtain when losing their electrons
positively charged ion or cation
if an atom gains electrons in order to become stable what charge does it obtain
negatively charged ion or anion
ionic bond definition
a chemical bond formed between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion
covalent bond definiton
chemical bond that involves sharing of electron pairs
Characteristics of covalent compounds
dont conduct electricity when dissolved, low melting point, does not dissolve in water
Characteristics of ionic compounds
conducts electricity when dissolved, high melting point, does dissolve in water
how do elements combine to form covalent bonds
both of the elements bonding together want to become stable. Results of this there can not be a transfer of electrons of an ionic bond. Atoms will share electrons
atoms will ____ electrons in a covalent bond
share
atoms will ____ electrons in an ionic bond
transfer
explain how elements combine to form compounds through ionic bonding
they become a substance that is made from 2+ elements
to figure out oxidation number from a chemical formula
un cross the elements oxidation #. make sure to use + or -. or opposite of negative or positive charge
explain how elements combine to form molecules through covalent bonding
they share an electron to fufill the octet rule
covalent bonding of elements form
molecules
ionic bonding of elements form
compounds
always put the oxidation number for what type of drawing
ionic
