Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What are intramolecular bonds?
Bonds found inside molecules that create the molecule
What do atoms in a molecule attempt to do to achieve stability?
Fill their outer electron shells
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
What happens when an atom gives away electrons?
It becomes a positively charged ion, called a cation
What are cations?
Positively charged ions formed when atoms give away electrons
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions formed when atoms receive electrons
What is the relationship between cations and anions?
They are attracted to each other and form ionic bonds
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared unequally, creating slight charges
What type of molecules are polar covalent molecules considered?
Hydrophilic, as they can easily interact with water
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared equally, with no charge difference
What type of molecules are non-polar covalent molecules considered?
Hydrophobic, as they do not interact well with water
What are intermolecular bonds?
Bonds that are found between molecules
What is a hydrogen bond?
An intermolecular bond between a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative atom
What elements commonly participate in hydrogen bonds?
Oxygen, nitrogen, or phosphorus
How strong are hydrogen bonds compared to covalent and ionic bonds?
They are weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds
What phenomenon is caused by hydrogen bonds in water?
The formation of water droplets when thrown into the air
Fill in the blank: A hydrogen bond usually occurs between a slightly positive hydrogen of one molecule and a _______ atom of another molecule.
[slightly negative]
List the three types of bonds in order from strongest to weakest.
- Covalent
- Ionic
- Hydrogen
