Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What is an intramolecular bond?
A bond between atoms within molecules.
Define electronegativity.
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond that involves a sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two atoms.
When is a covalent bond considered non-polar?
When the electrons are equally shared due to zero difference in electronegativity.
What characterizes a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are unequally shared due to a difference in electronegativity.
How does electronegativity difference affect bond polarity?
The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polar the bond.
What occurs during ionic bonding?
A transfer of electrons to form cations and anions which are electrostatically attracted.
What types of elements typically engage in ionic bonding?
Generally between metals and non-metals.
What is metallic bonding?
The attraction between positive kernels and a sea of delocalised electrons.
Define intermolecular force.
A force of attraction between molecules.
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule in which the electrons are unevenly distributed, resulting in a + and − end.
What are van der Waals forces?
Intermolecular forces.
What are London forces?
All interactions between molecules involve London forces.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Exist between polar molecules where hydrogen is covalently bonded to N, O, or F.
Why do hydrogen bonds occur?
Due to small atoms, high electronegativity, and at least one lone pair of electrons.
How do hydrogen bonds form?
Between the + H of one molecule and the lone pair on N, O, or F of another molecule.
Why are hydrogen bonds stronger than dipole-dipole forces?
Due to the high polarity of the covalent bond and the proximity of the molecules.
What type of molecules are considered polar?
Asymmetrical molecules.
What type of molecules are considered non-polar?
Symmetrical molecules.
