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Chemistry > Chemical Bonding > Flashcards

Chemical Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Which group are noble gases in?

A

Group 0

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2
Q

What are noble gases?

A

Elements that have a stable electron configuration and are unreactive
Exist as a single atom

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3
Q

Why do atoms react?

A

To achieve noble gas configuration

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4
Q

Ionic bonding is the process in which?

A

Atoms gain or lose electrons in order to reach noble gas configuration

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5
Q

Covalent bonding is the process in which?

A

Atoms share electrons in order to reach noble gas configuration

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6
Q

What are Ions?

A

Ions are charged particles, Atoms that lose or gain electrons form Ions.

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7
Q

What are Cations and Anions?

A

Cations - Positively charged ions

Anions - Negatively charged ions

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8
Q

Atoms form Cations by?

A

Losing electrons

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9
Q

Atoms form Anions by?

A

Gaining electrons

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10
Q

Atoms lose electrons to form?

A

Positively charged ions

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11
Q

Atoms gain electrons to form?

A

Negatively charged ions

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12
Q

Ionic bonds are formed between?

A

Metals and Non-metals

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13
Q

A compound made from two elements has a name that ends with?

A

‘-ide’

e.g. Carbon Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Sodium Chloride

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14
Q

Compounds that contain OH- (hydroxide ion) has a name with?

A

‘hydroxide’

e.g. Calcium hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide

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15
Q

2MgCO3

What do the 2 and 3 stand for in this chemical formula?

A

2 - moles

3 - number of atoms

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16
Q

Which element comes first in a chemical formula?

A

The symbol of the metallic element is written first

e.g NaCl Sodium -metal Chlorine - non-metal

17
Q

Combining Cu2+ and OH- forms?

A

Cu(OH)2

18
Q

Ionic compounds are also known as?

A

Giant Ionic Structures/ Giant lattice structure/ Crystal Lattice

19
Q

Giant Ionic Structures consist of?

A

Consist of an endlessly repeating three-dimensional
lattice of positive and negative ions,
Ions are closely packed, arranged in an orderly manner and held in place by ionic bonds

20
Q

Covalent bonds are formed between?

A

Non-metals

21
Q

What is a molecule

A

It is when a group of two or more atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

22
Q

In terms of covalent bonding, what does N-N mean?

A

N shares 1 electron with another N

23
Q

In terms of covalent bonding, what does O=O mean?

A

O shares 2 electrons with another O

24
Q

What are the types of covalent bonding

A

Simple Covalent Structure

Giant Covalent Structure

25
Q

What are the properties of a simple covalent structure?

A

They have low bpt/mpt/gas at rtp because of weak intermolecular FOA between the molecules. Hence little energy is needed to overcome attractive forces.

Cannot conduct electricity because there are no mobile electrons.

Simple molecular structures are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.

26
Q

What are examples of a Giant covalent structure?

A

Diamond/graphite/Si/SiO2/SiC

27
Q

What are the properties of a Giant covalent structure?

A

They have high bpt/mpt/gas at rtp because of strong intermolecular FOA between the molecules. Hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome attractive forces.

28
Q

Properties of Diamond/SiO2

A

Cannot conduct electricity as there are no mobile electrons.

They are hard due to strong covalent bonds between atoms.

29
Q

Properties of Graphite

A

Can conduct electricity because of mobile electrons. Since each carbon atom has 4 valence electrons but only 3 are used for bonding with each carbon atom.

Graphite is soft because of weak forces of attraction between layers of carbon atoms that can slide.

30
Q

What are allotropes?

A

alternate forms of an element

31
Q

Properties of a metallic structure?

A

They have high bpt/mpt/gas at rtp because of the strong electrostatic FOA between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons. Hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome attractive forces.

Can conduct electricity in solid and molten states due to sea of delocalised electrons

Good conductors of heat. Movement of mobile electrons within the metal lattice allows heat energy to be easily transferred

high density structure

Malleable as atoms are able to slide over the sea of delocalised electrons

ductile

Chemistry (4 decks)

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