chemical basis of life

Question 1

classification of elements

Answer 1

1) primary biogenic e.

most common found in all (important)

2) secondary biogenic e.

important, not always there

3)trace e.

very rare, only in certain

4)non biogenic e.

1,2,3 can be found in living organisms.

4 cannot be found

Question 2

subatomic particles

Answer 2

protron +

neutron

electron -

proton = neuclous = atomic nucleous = atomic mass

of protons = # of electrons

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

carbon

6p, 6n - 6p 8n

• they are same element because electrons
• but have different number of neutrons which makes it an isotope

Question 4

electron shells

Answer 4

of electrons who electrons have same energy level

Question 5

outermost electron shell- valence electrons

Answer 5

determines combinging properties of atoms

Question 6

compounds

Answer 6

different elements at a fixed ratio

ex. CO₂ = 1:2, MgCl₂ = 1:2

^ simple chemical form

Question 7

covalent bonds

Answer 7

share electrons with another. due to the want an element has of an electron

Question 8

ionic bonds

Answer 8

• transfer electron
• they give electrons
• above 1.7 they give

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

positive ion

Question 10

anion

Answer 10

negitive ion

Question 11

covalent compound, ionic compound

Answer 11

differnece of electronegitivity determines if the bond is ionic or covalent

Question 12

primary bonds

Answer 12

• strong
• determine chemical properties
• intramolecular-inside

Question 13

secondary bonds

Answer 13

• weaker
• determine physical properties ex. melting point
  
  • intramolecular- between molecules

Question 14

polar bond

Answer 14

when one has more electrons

big bully because hes negitive

Question 15

nonpolar bond

Answer 15

when they equal the same

Question 16

van der walls

Answer 16

between non-polar molecules

Question 17

O-I-L R-I-G

Answer 17

oxidation is losing

reduction is gaining

redox - reduction oxidation

Question 18

living things

Answer 18

h is always reducer

o is always oxidizer

Question 19

acid-base

Answer 19

protron transfer

protron doner: acid

protron acceptor: base

OH always base

H always

more H+ = more acidic, measured by pH

Question 20

0-14

Answer 20

0-7 acid

7 neutral

7-19 base

Question 21

isomers

Answer 21

same chemical formula but different structure

Question 22

structural isomers/ constitutional isomers

Answer 22

different bonding

Question 23

enantiomers

Answer 23

• non super imposable, mirror images
• one atom that needs four different atoms

Question 24

geomteric cis- trams isomer

Answer 24

trans- non rotating from corner to corner

cis - both on bottom or top

Question 25

table 3-1