Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chemical Basis of life > Flashcards

Chemical Basis of life Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many elements are present in the living out of 92

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the percentages of the given elements orderly
1. Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
4 .Nitrogen
5. Others

A
  1. 65%
  2. 18%
  3. 10%
  4. 3%
  5. 4%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are known as organic compounds ?

A

Compounds which contain carbon are known as organic compounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are inorganic compounds?

A

Compounds which do not contain carbon are known as inorganic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some inorganic compounds which contain carbon?

A

Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbonates
Bicarbonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some bio molecules?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are known as bio molecules?

A

Organic compounds which build up the living body or living matter are known as bio molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some inorganic molecules which are essential for the maintenance of life?

A

Water
Minerals
Gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some foods which contain carbohydrates?

A

Potato, sweet potato, grains, sugar, flour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most abundant organic compound on earth?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main elemental composition of Carbohydrate

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the common molecular formula of carbohydrate

A

Cx ( H2O ) y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the classification of carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structural unit of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is also known as simple sugars?

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some features of monosaccharides

A

They are crystal-shaped, generally sweet and water-soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the locations in which glucose is present ?

A

Ripen fruits and bee honey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the locations in which fructose is present?

A

Ripen fruits
Bee honey
Pumpkin
Carrots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the location in which galactose is present?

A

Dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the end product of hydrolysis of all starchy food?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Due to which monosaccharide energy is released during breakdown in cellular respiration?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is also known as fruit sugar?

A

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe an instance where fructose is formed?

A

During ripening of fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain how a disaccharide is formed

A

Two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the end product during the hydrolysis of lactose?

A

Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the monosaccharide with no sweet taste?

A

Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the sweetest sugar?

A

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the examples for disaccharides?

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name a location where maltose is present

A

germinating seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is glucose+glucose

A

Maltose+H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the locations where sucrose is present

A

White and brown sugar
Sugar cane and beet
Some fruits
Phloem sap in trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an intermediate product of starch hydrolysis?

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is lactose found?

A

In dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glucose+ Fructose = ?

A

Sucrose+ water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Galactose+ glucose = ?

A

Lactose+ water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the only sugar which is absent in plants?

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the percentage of lactose in cow’s milk and human milk orderly

A

cow = 4% - 6%
human = 6% - 7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are two features of disaccharides

A

They are sweet water-soluble crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain how a polysaccharide is formed

A

Polymerization of a large number of monosaccharides forms a polysaccharide molecule

26
Q

What are two features of polysaccharides

A

They are insoluble in water and they are not crystals

27
Q

What are the three types of polysaccharides?

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

28
Q

Name a location where cellulose is present?

A

Cell wall of plant cells and in fibres

29
Q

What is an advantage of consuming cellulose?

A

Helps to avoid constipation

30
Q

Name some foods in which starch is present?

A

Grains, yams, jak, Bread fruit

30
Q

What is the type of carbohydrate that stores in plant?

A

Cellulose

31
Q

Name a location in which glycogen is present?

A

Animal liver and muscles

32
Q

What is the type of carbohydrate which is stored in animal body?

A

Glycogen

33
Q

State 3 significance of carbohydrates

A

As an energy source
As a storage compound
As a structural component in plant cell wall

34
Q

Explain the starch test

A

Small amount of starch is obtained and ground well with water. A drop of iodine solution is added. The observation will result in a purplish blue colour.

34
Q

What is the test for glucose

A

A solution of glucose is obtained into a test tube. Few drops of benedict solution is added and immersed in a water bath. Colour change will be observed as
Blue- Green- green yellow- orange- Brick red precipitate

34
Q

Describe the sucrose test

A

Few drops of diluted sulphuric acid is added to a freshly prepared sugar solution is heated. It is immersed in hot water bath and heated. Then few drops of benedict solution is added to it. Color change will be as
Blue- green- green yellow- orange- brick red precipitate

35
Q

What are the constituents of proteins?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

36
Q

What is the percentage of proteins in human body?

A

17%

37
Q

What is protein?

A

Protein is a complex molecule made up of polymerized amino acids

38
Q

What is the simplest amino acid?

A

Glycine

38
Q

What is the protein present in
muscles
bones
R.B.C
hairs
Leguminous food
wheat
egg white

A

Myosin, actin
Osein
haemoglobin
Keratin
Legumin
Gluten
albumin

38
Q

what are the significance of proteins?

A

As an energy source
To make structural components

39
Q

What are some foods rich in protein?

A

Meat, fish, eggwhite, cereal

40
Q

What are three types of proteins?

A

Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies

41
Q

What is the test used to identify proteins? explain.

A

Biurette test
An eggwhite or protein based solution is obtained into a test tube. Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate is added into it. The solution will turn purple.

41
Q

What are enzymes?

A

The special proteins (organic catalysts) that are produced within the body to increase the rate of biochemical reaction are known as enzymes.

42
Q

give the observation for activity of amylase on starch.

A

Starch gives a black colour with iodine but does not change colour with iodine after 20 minutes as there is no starch. This is because starch is converted to maltose by the amylase enzyme.

43
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids which are in at solid state at room temperature are fats and liquids are oils.

43
Q

What are the constituents of lipids?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
Oxygen

43
Q

What are some features of lipids?

A

Lipids contain much less oxygen than carbohydrates. Lipids are insoluble in polar solvents including water. They are soluble in organic solvents.

43
Q

What are some examples for foods that contain lipids?

A

Ground nut, coconut, gingelly, butter and margarine.

44
Q

What is the formula of lipids?

A

Fatty acids+ glycerol= Lipids+ water

45
Q

What are some significance of lipids?

A

As an energy source
To form different structural components
( phospholipids and cholesterol )
For conservation of water

45
Q

What is cutin?

A

The wax known as cutin present on the surface of the plant body conserves water

45
Q

Describe Sudan 3 test

A

Some amount of gingelly oil or coconut oil is added into a test tube. Sudan 3 reagent is added into it. Appearance of red fat globules can be observed.

45
Q

Fatty acids can be divided into 2. What are they?

A

Saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids

45
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids which contain only single bonds within carbon atoms are called saturated fatty acids.

46
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Fatty acids which contain one or several double bonds within carbon atoms are called unsaturated fatty acids.

47
Q

What are the constituents of proteins?

A

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous

48
Q

What are the components of nucleic acids?

A

Phosphate
Pentose sugar group
Nitrogenous base

49
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A

RNA - Ribo Nucleic Acid
DNA - Deoxy Ribo Nucleic Acid

50
Q

What is the main function of DNA?

A

Transferring genetic characteristics from generation to generation

51
Q

What is the main function of RNA?

A

Protein synthesis

51
Q

What are the 3 significances of nucleic acids?

A

Important in storage of genetic information of organisms
Important in transferring genetic information from generation to generation
Important in protein synthesis

52
Q

What are the bio-molecules present in nucleic acids?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

53
Q

What is the proportion of water in body mass percentage?

A

2/3rd

54
Q

What are some specific properties of water?

A

A good solvent
A coolant
High cohesive and adhesive force
Differential expansion in freezing

55
Q

How does the coolant property of water contribute to the maintenance of life?

A

Due to the high specific heat capacity the body temperature does not fluctuate quickly with changes in the environment

55
Q

How does the solvent property contribute for the maintenance of life?

A

Provides a medium for biochemical reactions in cell
The main constituent in extracellular fluids
Facilitates removal of excretory material in animals
Important in the respiration of aquatic organisms

56
Q

How does the high cohesive and adhesive force of water contribute to the maintenance of life?

A

Helps to transport nutrients, vitamins and hormones to relevant locations.

transports water to the upper part of plants

56
Q

How does the differential expansion in freezing contribute to the maintenance of life?

A

When ice is formed it comes to the top layers of water keeping water as it is in the bottom.

57
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Elements needed in small amounts

57
Q

What are macro elements?

A

The elements needed in higher amounts

57
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

Activates enzymes
Constituent of digestive juice
To maintain constant osmotic pressure in cells

57
Q

What percentage of the body weight is by minerals?

A

7%

57
Q

What are the functions of potassium in human body?

A

Controls the ionic balance of the fluid in the cell
For the activities of the heart and muscle
Transmission of nerve impulses

57
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of potassium?

A

Weakening of muscles
Psychological disorders

58
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of sodium?

A

Respiratory disorders
Cramps
Nausea
Diarrhoea

58
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

Constituent of bones and teeth
To control nerve activity in skeletal muscles

59
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of Magnesium?

A

High heartbeat
Nerve irritability

59
Q

What are the functions of Calcium?

A

Growth of bones and teeth
Blood clotting
Proper function of nerves

60
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of calcium

A

Weakening of bones and teeth
Growth disorders
Osteoporosis

61
Q

What are the functions of phosphorous?

A

Growth of bones and teeth
As a constituent of nucleic acids
For carbohydrate and fat metabolism

62
Q
A

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions