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chemistry > Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chemical Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a mixture

A

consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together

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2
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance

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3
Q

what is a melting point

A

is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid

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4
Q

what is a boiling point

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas

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5
Q

melting point of water

A

100 degrees

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6
Q

what is distilled water

A

water as a pure substance without any other impurities as it exists as a single compound, not mixed with any other substance.

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7
Q

What is a formulation

A

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product. They are made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties.

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8
Q

Name 7 examples of formulations

A

Fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicines, alloys, fertilisers, foods.

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9
Q

how is a formulation made

A

by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties.

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10
Q

what is chromatography

A

the name given to the process of separating dyes and inks

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11
Q

The more soluble a dye is in its solvent, will it travel less or more

A

travel more, further

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12
Q

A pure substance produces a single or multiple spot in solvents

A

single

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13
Q

a compound in a mixture will separate into diff dyes depending on solvent or create a single dot

A

separate into different dyes

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14
Q

What is the mobile phase

A

the phase that is moving

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15
Q

give an example of a mobile phase

A

water (its moves up thro the paper)

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16
Q

what is a stationary phase

A

is the not moving part

17
Q

give an example of a stationary phase

A

(chromatography) paper

18
Q

what does affinity mean

A

attraction

19
Q

if a sample has a greater affinity to the mobile phase, will it travel further or stop sooner

A

further

20
Q

if a sample has a greater affinity to the stationary phase, will it travel further or stop sooner

A

stop sooner

21
Q

Rf formula

A

distance moved by chemical / distance moved by solvent

22
Q

the bigger the rf value the what?

A

the further the spot moved

23
Q

why does paper chromatography work

A

because each chemical in the mixture will be attracted to the stationary phase to a different extent, ie strongle attracted chemicals won’t travel far whereas weakly attracted chemicals will travle further

24
Q

why do we draw a line in pencil for paper chromatography

A

because if we drew it in pen ink, the ink would move uo the paper with the solvent

25
Q

explain how paper chromatography separates substances

A

mobile phase / solvent moves thro paper and carries substances diff distances whichdepend on their affinity for paper and solvent

26
Q

what is solvent front

A

the furthest poibt reached by the solvent in chromatography

27
Q

how can we use paper chromatography to analyse a colourless substance

A

we can use a locating agent to react these with substances to form coloured products, or products that glow under ultraviolet light

28
Q

what is solvent level

A

place where the chosen solvent is placed

29
Q

what is the baseline

A

place where the samples of the substances are placed

30
Q

uses of chromatography

A

to separate mixtures of coloured compounds, identify pure and impure substances, for drug testing

31
Q

how can chromatography be used to identify unknown dyes in food colouring

A

run a known dye and food coloruing (9for comparing)
compare the distances moved / rf value
if they move the same distance/ have same rf value, they must be the same substances

32
Q

what is a solvent

A

a liquid that dissolves substances

33
Q

what is a solute?

A

a substance that can be dissolved by a solvent to create a solution

chemistry (11 decks)

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